﻿.alphabits ul,.pagination ul,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box ul,.purchase,.excerptNav,.form__actions,.navBrowse,.navFilter ul,.navSecondary ul,.navPartners ul{list-style-type:none;padding-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.alphabits ul>li,.pagination ul>li,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box ul>li,.purchase>li,.excerptNav>li,.form__actions>li,.navBrowse>li,.navFilter ul>li,.navSecondary ul>li,.navPartners ul>li{display:inline-block}.chosen-container{position:relative;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.chosen-container *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.chosen-container .chosen-drop{position:absolute;top:100%;z-index:1010;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top:0;background:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);box-shadow:0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-clip-path:inset(100% 100%);clip-path:inset(100% 100%)}.chosen-container.chosen-with-drop .chosen-drop{clip:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none}.chosen-container a{cursor:pointer}.chosen-container .search-choice .group-name,.chosen-container .chosen-single .group-name{margin-right:4px;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-weight:normal;color:#999999}.chosen-container .search-choice .group-name:after,.chosen-container .chosen-single .group-name:after{content:":";padding-left:2px;vertical-align:top}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:0 0 0 8px;height:25px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:5px;background-color:#fff;background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(20%, #fff), color-stop(50%, #f6f6f6), color-stop(52%, #eee), to(#f4f4f4));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(#fff 20%, #f6f6f6 50%, #eee 52%, #f4f4f4 100%);background:-o-linear-gradient(#fff 20%, #f6f6f6 50%, #eee 52%, #f4f4f4 100%);background:linear-gradient(#fff 20%, #f6f6f6 50%, #eee 52%, #f4f4f4 100%);background-clip:padding-box;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px #fff inset,0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:0 0 3px #fff inset,0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);color:#444;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;line-height:24px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-default{color:#999}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single span{display:block;overflow:hidden;margin-right:26px;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single-with-deselect span{margin-right:38px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr{position:absolute;top:6px;right:26px;display:block;width:12px;height:12px;background:url(../png/chosen-sprite-8aa69ee6b2376505578d758bfbbc52aec88fa5e591f1a7cabd8adfa80a7b613a.png) -42px 1px no-repeat;font-size:1px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr:hover{background-position:-42px -10px}.chosen-container-single.chosen-disabled .chosen-single abbr:hover{background-position:-42px -10px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;display:block;width:18px;height:100%}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;background:url(../png/chosen-sprite-8aa69ee6b2376505578d758bfbbc52aec88fa5e591f1a7cabd8adfa80a7b613a.png) no-repeat 0px 2px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-search{position:relative;z-index:1010;margin:0;padding:3px 4px;white-space:nowrap}.chosen-container-single .chosen-search input[type="text"]{margin:1px 0;padding:4px 20px 4px 5px;width:100%;height:auto;outline:0;border:1px solid #aaa;background:url(../png/chosen-sprite-8aa69ee6b2376505578d758bfbbc52aec88fa5e591f1a7cabd8adfa80a7b613a.png) no-repeat 100% -20px;font-size:1em;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:normal;border-radius:0}.chosen-container-single .chosen-drop{margin-top:-1px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;background-clip:padding-box}.chosen-container-single.chosen-container-single-nosearch .chosen-search{position:absolute;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-clip-path:inset(100% 100%);clip-path:inset(100% 100%)}.chosen-container .chosen-results{color:#444;position:relative;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;margin:0 4px 4px 0;padding:0 0 0 4px;max-height:240px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.chosen-container .chosen-results li{display:none;margin:0;padding:5px 6px;list-style:none;line-height:15px;word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-touch-callout:none}.chosen-container .chosen-results li.active-result{display:list-item;cursor:pointer}.chosen-container .chosen-results li.disabled-result{display:list-item;color:#ccc;cursor:default}.chosen-container .chosen-results li.highlighted{background-color:#3875d7;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(20%, #3875d7), color-stop(90%, #2a62bc));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(#3875d7 20%, #2a62bc 90%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(#3875d7 20%, #2a62bc 90%);background-image:linear-gradient(#3875d7 20%, #2a62bc 90%);color:#fff}.chosen-container .chosen-results li.no-results{color:#777;display:list-item;background:#f4f4f4}.chosen-container .chosen-results li.group-result{display:list-item;font-weight:bold;cursor:default}.chosen-container .chosen-results li.group-option{padding-left:15px}.chosen-container .chosen-results li em{font-style:normal;text-decoration:underline}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices{position:relative;overflow:hidden;margin:0;padding:0 5px;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fff;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(1%, #eee), color-stop(15%, #fff));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(#eee 1%, #fff 15%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(#eee 1%, #fff 15%);background-image:linear-gradient(#eee 1%, #fff 15%);cursor:text}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li{float:left;list-style:none}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-field{margin:0;padding:0;white-space:nowrap}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-field input[type="text"]{margin:1px 0;padding:0;height:25px;outline:0;border:0 !important;background:transparent !important;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;color:#999;font-size:100%;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:normal;border-radius:0;width:25px}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice{position:relative;margin:3px 5px 3px 0;padding:3px 20px 3px 5px;border:1px solid #aaa;max-width:100%;border-radius:3px;background-color:#eeeeee;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(20%, #f4f4f4), color-stop(50%, #f0f0f0), color-stop(52%, #e8e8e8), to(#eee));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(#f4f4f4 20%, #f0f0f0 50%, #e8e8e8 52%, #eee 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(#f4f4f4 20%, #f0f0f0 50%, #e8e8e8 52%, #eee 100%);background-image:linear-gradient(#f4f4f4 20%, #f0f0f0 50%, #e8e8e8 52%, #eee 100%);background-size:100% 19px;background-repeat:repeat-x;background-clip:padding-box;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 2px #fff inset,0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.05);box-shadow:0 0 2px #fff inset,0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.05);color:#333;line-height:13px;cursor:default}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice span{word-wrap:break-word}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close{position:absolute;top:4px;right:3px;display:block;width:12px;height:12px;background:url(../png/chosen-sprite-8aa69ee6b2376505578d758bfbbc52aec88fa5e591f1a7cabd8adfa80a7b613a.png) -42px 1px no-repeat;font-size:1px}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close:hover{background-position:-42px -10px}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice-disabled{padding-right:5px;border:1px solid #ccc;background-color:#e4e4e4;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(20%, #f4f4f4), color-stop(50%, #f0f0f0), color-stop(52%, #e8e8e8), to(#eee));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(#f4f4f4 20%, #f0f0f0 50%, #e8e8e8 52%, #eee 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(#f4f4f4 20%, #f0f0f0 50%, #e8e8e8 52%, #eee 100%);background-image:linear-gradient(#f4f4f4 20%, #f0f0f0 50%, #e8e8e8 52%, #eee 100%);color:#666}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice-focus{background:#d4d4d4}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice-focus .search-choice-close{background-position:-42px -10px}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-results{margin:0;padding:0}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-drop .result-selected{display:list-item;color:#ccc;cursor:default}.chosen-container-active .chosen-single{border:1px solid #5897fb;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop .chosen-single{border:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(20%, #eee), color-stop(80%, #fff));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(#eee 20%, #fff 80%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(#eee 20%, #fff 80%);background-image:linear-gradient(#eee 20%, #fff 80%);-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff inset}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop .chosen-single div{border-left:none;background:transparent}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop .chosen-single div b{background-position:-18px 2px}.chosen-container-active .chosen-choices{border:1px solid #5897fb;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.chosen-container-active .chosen-choices li.search-field input[type="text"]{color:#222 !important}.chosen-disabled{opacity:0.5 !important;cursor:default}.chosen-disabled .chosen-single{cursor:default}.chosen-disabled .chosen-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close{cursor:default}.chosen-rtl{text-align:right}.chosen-rtl .chosen-single{overflow:visible;padding:0 8px 0 0}.chosen-rtl .chosen-single span{margin-right:0;margin-left:26px;direction:rtl}.chosen-rtl .chosen-single-with-deselect span{margin-left:38px}.chosen-rtl .chosen-single div{right:auto;left:3px}.chosen-rtl .chosen-single abbr{right:auto;left:26px}.chosen-rtl .chosen-choices li{float:right}.chosen-rtl .chosen-choices li.search-field input[type="text"]{direction:rtl}.chosen-rtl .chosen-choices li.search-choice{margin:3px 5px 3px 0;padding:3px 5px 3px 19px}.chosen-rtl .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close{right:auto;left:4px}.chosen-rtl.chosen-container-single .chosen-results{margin:0 0 4px 4px;padding:0 4px 0 0}.chosen-rtl .chosen-results li.group-option{padding-right:15px;padding-left:0}.chosen-rtl.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop .chosen-single div{border-right:none}.chosen-rtl .chosen-search input[type="text"]{padding:4px 5px 4px 20px;background:url(../png/chosen-sprite-8aa69ee6b2376505578d758bfbbc52aec88fa5e591f1a7cabd8adfa80a7b613a.png) no-repeat -30px -20px;direction:rtl}.chosen-rtl.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b{background-position:6px 2px}.chosen-rtl.chosen-container-single.chosen-with-drop .chosen-single div b{background-position:-12px 2px}html,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,.quizQuestion,h5,h6,p,ul li,ol li,dd,dt,.l--main .gs-snippet,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,form .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-result,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,var,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}html{line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}caption,th,td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:middle}q,blockquote{quotes:none}q:before,q:after,blockquote:before,blockquote:after{content:"";content:none}a img{border:none}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio:not([controls]){display:none}[hidden]{display:none}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,main,menu,nav,section{display:block}h1,h2,h3,h4,.quizQuestion,h5,h6{font-size:100%;font-weight:normal}address,caption,code,dfn,th,var{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}a{font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent}img,canvas,iframe,video,svg,object,embed{max-width:100%}img,object,embed{height:auto !important;border:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}ins{text-decoration:none;color:#1e1d1d}mark{color:#1e1d1d}del{text-decoration:line-through}article abbr{cursor:help}article abbr[title],article dfn[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted}table{font-size:inherit;font-size:100%}th{font-weight:bold;vertical-align:bottom}td,td img{vertical-align:top}hr{display:block;height:1px;margin:1em 0;padding:0;border:0;border-top:1px solid #1e1d1d}input,select{vertical-align:middle}em,i{font-style:italic}strong,b{font-weight:bold}em>strong,strong>em{font-weight:bold;font-style:italic}small,form .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-result{font-size:.85em}sub,sup{font-size:.75em;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-.5em}sub{bottom:-.25em}pre{white-space:pre}pre,code,kbd,samp{font-size:1em}textarea{overflow:auto}.clickable,label,input[type='button'],input[type='submit'],button,a{cursor:pointer}input[type="radio"]{vertical-align:text-bottom}input[type="checkbox"]{vertical-align:bottom}select,input,textarea{font:99% sans-serif}button{overflow:visible;width:auto}button,input,select,textarea{margin:0}html{font-size:100%;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}:focus{outline:none}*,*:after,*:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-smoothing:antialiased}@-webkit-keyframes fadeInDown{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0, -100%);transform:translate(0, -100%)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}}@-o-keyframes fadeInDown{0%{opacity:0;-o-transform:translate(0, -100%);transform:translate(0, -100%)}100%{opacity:1;-o-transform:none;transform:none}}@keyframes fadeInDown{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0, -100%);-o-transform:translate(0, -100%);transform:translate(0, -100%)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:none;-o-transform:none;transform:none}}.supports-cssanimations .notification,.supports-cssanimations .notification--alert{-webkit-animation-name:fadeInDown;-o-animation-name:fadeInDown;animation-name:fadeInDown;-webkit-animation-timing-function:linear;-o-animation-timing-function:linear;animation-timing-function:linear;-webkit-animation-iteration-count:1;-o-animation-iteration-count:1;animation-iteration-count:1;-webkit-animation-direction:normal;-o-animation-direction:normal;animation-direction:normal;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;-o-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both}blockquote{border-top:3px solid #1e1d1d;border-bottom:3px solid #1e1d1d;padding:15px 0}.grid--3up--centered,.l--body,.purchase__link,.resources,.service,.serviceDetails,.serviceDetails__section,.pageHeader .form--siteSearch,.form--siteSearchContent,.form--siteSearchTextbooks,.navMain__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.l--body,.service,.serviceDetails__section{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.resources,.serviceDetails{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-moz-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.grid--3up--centered,.resources,.serviceDetails{-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.grid--3up--centered,.serviceDetails,.navMain__list{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-moz-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.resources{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.serviceDetails{-webkit-box-align:stretch;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-moz-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}.navMain__list{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-webkit-align-items:baseline;-moz-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}.resources{-webkit-box-align:start;-webkit-align-items:start;-moz-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start}.grid--3up--centered>.grid__item,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--3up--centered>.question--featured,.grid--3up--centered>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--3up--centered>.form__action,.l--main,.purchase__copy,.service__description,.serviceDetails__section,.serviceDetails__description,.pageHeader .form--siteSearch input,.form--siteSearchContent input,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.l--main,.service__description,.serviceDetails__description{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.alphabits,.pagination,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box{border-top:3px solid #1e1d1d;border-bottom:3px solid #1e1d1d;margin:15px 0;padding:5px 0}.alphabits__item,.pagination__item{margin:0}.alphabits__disabled,.alphabits__links,.pagination__link,.pagination__backward,.pagination__forward,.pagination__gap,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page{padding:0 5px;text-decoration:none}.active .alphabits__links,.pagination__current,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-current-page{font-weight:700;cursor:default;color:#1e1d1d}.avatar{border-radius:50%}.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:16px;font-size:1.45455vw}.hero{font-size:18px;font-size:1.63636vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:11px;font-size:1vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:13px;font-size:1.18182vw}.columnList__item{font-size:14px;font-size:1.27273vw}.timer,.pageHeader__account{font-size:11px;font-size:0.6875rem}label,.togglePreview,.navSection__label{font-size:12px;font-size:0.75rem}.field__error,.field__hint{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem}input[type='text'],input[type='email'],input[type='tel'],input[type='url'],input[type='password'],input[type='number'],textarea,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.formula--rendered,.formula--unrendered,.chosen-container-multi .search-field,.chosen-single,.solutions__instructions,.facebookLogin,.navMain__account>a,.navSection__link{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem}.purchase__paymentOptions a,.navMain__item a{font-size:15px;font-size:0.9375rem}.link--navMobile,.link--navigation{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem}.form--siteSearch input,.navSection--large .navSection__label,.navSection--large .navSection__link{font-size:21px;font-size:1.3125rem}.form--siteSearchContent input,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input{font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem}.l--content .form--siteSearch input,.timer__remaining{font-size:40px;font-size:2.5rem}.question--featured__question,.question--featured__answer{-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}::-moz-selection{background:rgba(222,179,171,0.5);text-shadow:none}::selection{background:rgba(222,179,171,0.5);text-shadow:none}::-moz-selection{background:rgba(222,179,171,0.5);color:#1e1d1d;text-shadow:none}img::-moz-selection{background:transparent}img::selection{background:transparent}img::-moz-selection{background:transparent}html{min-height:100%;font-size:100%}body{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;min-height:100%;border-top:5px solid #e7eff7;background-color:#e7eff7;line-height:1.3}body,select,input,textarea{color:#1e1d1d}.grid--container,.grid--1up,.grid--2up,.navMain__login .form__actions,.grid--3up,.grid--4up,.grid--thirdRail,.grid--quarterRail,.paywall,.columnList,.columnList--half,.excerpts{*zoom:1;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.grid--container:after,.grid--1up:after,.grid--2up:after,.navMain__login .form__actions:after,.grid--3up:after,.grid--4up:after,.grid--thirdRail:after,.grid--quarterRail:after,.paywall:after,.columnList:after,.columnList--half:after,.excerpts:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.grid--4up>.grid__item,.grid--4up>.excerpt,.grid--4up>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--4up>.question--featured,.grid--4up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--4up>.form__action,.grid--quarterRail>.grid__rail,.field--quarter{width:22.85714%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--3up>.grid__item,.grid--3up>.excerpt,.grid--3up>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--3up>.question--featured,.grid--3up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--3up>.form__action,.grid--thirdRail>.grid__rail,.field--third{width:31.42857%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--2up>.grid__item,.navMain__login .form__actions>.grid__item,.grid--2up>.excerpt,.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt,.grid--2up>.excerpt--noImage,.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--2up>.question--featured,.navMain__login .form__actions>.question--featured,.grid--2up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .form__actions>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--2up>.form__action,.navMain__login .form__actions>.form__action,.field--half,.excerpts .excerpt{width:48.57143%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--thirdRail>.grid__item,.grid--thirdRail>.excerpt,.grid--thirdRail>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--thirdRail>.question--featured,.grid--thirdRail>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--thirdRail>.form__action,.field--twoThirds{width:65.71429%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--quarterRail>.grid__item,.grid--quarterRail>.excerpt,.grid--quarterRail>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--quarterRail>.question--featured,.grid--quarterRail>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--quarterRail>.form__action{width:74.28571%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--2up>.grid__item:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .form__actions>.grid__item:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up>.excerpt:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up>.question--featured:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .form__actions>.question--featured:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .form__actions>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .grid--2up>.form__action:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .form__actions>.form__action:nth-of-type(even),.grid--3up>.grid__item:nth-of-type(3n),.grid--3up>.excerpt:nth-of-type(3n),.grid--3up>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(3n),.grid--3up>.question--featured:nth-of-type(3n),.grid--3up>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(3n),.navMain__login .grid--3up>.form__action:nth-of-type(3n),.grid--4up>.grid__item:nth-of-type(4n),.grid--4up>.excerpt:nth-of-type(4n),.grid--4up>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(4n),.grid--4up>.question--featured:nth-of-type(4n),.grid--4up>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(4n),.navMain__login .grid--4up>.form__action:nth-of-type(4n),.grid--railLeft .grid__item,.grid--railLeft .excerpt,.grid--railLeft .excerpt--noImage,.grid--railLeft .question--featured,.grid--railLeft .formulaContainer,.grid--railLeft .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .grid--railLeft .form__action,.grid--railRight .grid__rail,.field--last,.excerpts .excerpt:nth-child(even){float:right;margin-right:0;*margin-left:-2em;display:inline}.grid--1up>.grid__item,.grid--1up>.excerpt,.grid--1up>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--1up>.question--featured,.grid--1up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--1up>.form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.grid__item,.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage,.question--featured,.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .form__action{margin-bottom:30px}.grid--2up>.grid__item:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .form__actions>.grid__item:nth-of-type(odd),.grid--2up>.excerpt:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt:nth-of-type(odd),.grid--2up>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(odd),.grid--2up>.question--featured:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .form__actions>.question--featured:nth-of-type(odd),.grid--2up>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .form__actions>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .grid--2up>.form__action:nth-of-type(odd),.navMain__login .form__actions>.form__action:nth-of-type(odd){clear:both}.grid--3up>.grid__item:nth-of-type(3n+1),.grid--3up>.excerpt:nth-of-type(3n+1),.grid--3up>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(3n+1),.grid--3up>.question--featured:nth-of-type(3n+1),.grid--3up>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(3n+1),.navMain__login .grid--3up>.form__action:nth-of-type(3n+1){clear:both}.grid--3up--centered>.grid__item,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--3up--centered>.question--featured,.grid--3up--centered>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--3up--centered>.form__action{-webkit-flex-basis:28%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:28%;flex-basis:28%}.grid__rail{margin-bottom:30px}.l--body{width:100%;min-height:100vh;background:#fff}.l--content{padding:7.5px 30px 30px}.l--padded{padding:15px 60px 30px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:20px 60px;background:#edf3f9}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-30px;margin-right:-30px}.l--drawer{position:absolute;top:20px;right:0;width:280px;padding:10px}.l--contentBody{text-align:left}.l--contentAdBody{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;width:calc(100% - 430px - 1px)}.l--contentAdBody[class*='grid']{margin-top:0}.l--contentAdRail{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;width:400px;margin-left:20px}.group:after,header:after,.l--content:after,.l--padded:after,.actions--centered:after,.actions:after,.citation:after,.share:after,.excerpt:after,.excerpt--noImage:after,.question:after,.gradesaver_qanda_answer:after,.question--expanded:after,.form__actions:after,.form--editing .field:after,.form--editing .formulaContainer:after,.essayMeta:after,.form--devise:after,.form--quiz:after,.fieldset--quizQuestion:after,.form--siteSearch:after,.navDropdown:after,.navMain__login:after,.nextPrev:after,.headingIntro:after,.contentHeader:after,.contentFooter:after,.section:after,.section--profile:after,.hero:after,.pageHeader:after,.pageFooter__accent:after{display:table;clear:both;content:''}.float--right,.hero .button--purchase,.navFilter{float:right}.float--left,.image--framed{float:left}.float--padded.float--left,.hero .float--left.button--purchase,.hero .button--purchase.image--framed,.float--padded.image--framed{margin:0 0.5em 0.5em 0}.float--padded.float--right,.hero .button--purchase,.float--padded.navFilter{margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em}.underline,.vocabularyList__question:before{border-bottom:1px solid #1e1d1d}h1,h2,h3,h4,.quizQuestion,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;margin:0}h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,.quizQuestion a,h5 a,h6 a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}h1 a:visited,h2 a:visited,h3 a:visited,h4 a:visited,.quizQuestion a:visited,h5 a:visited,h6 a:visited{color:inherit}h1 a:focus,h2 a:focus,h3 a:focus,h4 a:focus,.quizQuestion a:focus,h5 a:focus,h6 a:focus{color:#7d9ecd}h1 a:hover,h2 a:hover,h3 a:hover,h4 a:hover,.quizQuestion a:hover,h5 a:hover,h6 a:hover{color:#7d9ecd}h1 a:active,h2 a:active,h3 a:active,h4 a:active,.quizQuestion a:active,h5 a:active,h6 a:active{color:#7d9ecd}.scale--0{font-size:3em;font-weight:900;color:#1e1d1d}.scale--0 p,.scale--0 ul li,ul .scale--0 li,.scale--0 ol li,ol .scale--0 li,.scale--0 dd,.scale--0 dt,.scale--0 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--0 .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--1,h1,.hero--text__headline{font-size:2.44444em;font-weight:900;color:#1e1d1d}.scale--1 p,h1 p,.hero--text__headline p,.scale--1 ul li,ul .scale--1 li,h1 ul li,ul h1 li,.hero--text__headline ul li,ul .hero--text__headline li,.scale--1 ol li,ol .scale--1 li,h1 ol li,ol h1 li,.hero--text__headline ol li,ol .hero--text__headline li,.scale--1 dd,h1 dd,.hero--text__headline dd,.scale--1 dt,h1 dt,.hero--text__headline dt,.scale--1 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--1 .gs-snippet,h1 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main h1 .gs-snippet,.hero--text__headline .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .hero--text__headline .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--2,h2,.cta--error .cta__title,.contentHeader__title{font-size:2em;font-weight:900;color:#1e1d1d}.scale--2 p,h2 p,.cta--error .cta__title p,.contentHeader__title p,.scale--2 ul li,ul .scale--2 li,h2 ul li,ul h2 li,.cta--error .cta__title ul li,ul .cta--error .cta__title li,.contentHeader__title ul li,ul .contentHeader__title li,.scale--2 ol li,ol .scale--2 li,h2 ol li,ol h2 li,.cta--error .cta__title ol li,ol .cta--error .cta__title li,.contentHeader__title ol li,ol .contentHeader__title li,.scale--2 dd,h2 dd,.cta--error .cta__title dd,.contentHeader__title dd,.scale--2 dt,h2 dt,.cta--error .cta__title dt,.contentHeader__title dt,.scale--2 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--2 .gs-snippet,h2 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main h2 .gs-snippet,.cta--error .cta__title .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .cta--error .cta__title .gs-snippet,.contentHeader__title .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .contentHeader__title .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--3,h3,.cta__title,.paywall__heading,.contentHeader__sectionTitle,.section__article h2{font-size:1.55556em;font-weight:900;color:#1e1d1d}.scale--3 p,h3 p,.cta__title p,.paywall__heading p,.contentHeader__sectionTitle p,.section__article h2 p,.scale--3 ul li,ul .scale--3 li,h3 ul li,ul h3 li,.cta__title ul li,ul .cta__title li,.paywall__heading ul li,ul .paywall__heading li,.contentHeader__sectionTitle ul li,ul .contentHeader__sectionTitle li,.section__article h2 ul li,ul .section__article h2 li,.scale--3 ol li,ol .scale--3 li,h3 ol li,ol h3 li,.cta__title ol li,ol .cta__title li,.paywall__heading ol li,ol .paywall__heading li,.contentHeader__sectionTitle ol li,ol .contentHeader__sectionTitle li,.section__article h2 ol li,ol .section__article h2 li,.scale--3 dd,h3 dd,.cta__title dd,.paywall__heading dd,.contentHeader__sectionTitle dd,.section__article h2 dd,.scale--3 dt,h3 dt,.cta__title dt,.paywall__heading dt,.contentHeader__sectionTitle dt,.section__article h2 dt,.scale--3 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--3 .gs-snippet,h3 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main h3 .gs-snippet,.cta__title .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .cta__title .gs-snippet,.paywall__heading .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .paywall__heading .gs-snippet,.contentHeader__sectionTitle .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .contentHeader__sectionTitle .gs-snippet,.section__article h2 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .section__article h2 .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--4,h4,.quizQuestion,.resource__title,.service__title,.checkout__heading,.section__article h3,.quizFeedback__congrats{font-size:1.33333em;font-weight:700;color:#1e1d1d}.scale--4 p,h4 p,.quizQuestion p,.resource__title p,.service__title p,.checkout__heading p,.section__article h3 p,.quizFeedback__congrats p,.scale--4 ul li,ul .scale--4 li,h4 ul li,ul h4 li,.quizQuestion ul li,ul .quizQuestion li,.resource__title ul li,ul .resource__title li,.service__title ul li,ul .service__title li,.checkout__heading ul li,ul .checkout__heading li,.section__article h3 ul li,ul .section__article h3 li,.quizFeedback__congrats ul li,ul .quizFeedback__congrats li,.scale--4 ol li,ol .scale--4 li,h4 ol li,ol h4 li,.quizQuestion ol li,ol .quizQuestion li,.resource__title ol li,ol .resource__title li,.service__title ol li,ol .service__title li,.checkout__heading ol li,ol .checkout__heading li,.section__article h3 ol li,ol .section__article h3 li,.quizFeedback__congrats ol li,ol .quizFeedback__congrats li,.scale--4 dd,h4 dd,.quizQuestion dd,.resource__title dd,.service__title dd,.checkout__heading dd,.section__article h3 dd,.quizFeedback__congrats dd,.scale--4 dt,h4 dt,.quizQuestion dt,.resource__title dt,.service__title dt,.checkout__heading dt,.section__article h3 dt,.quizFeedback__congrats dt,.scale--4 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--4 .gs-snippet,h4 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main h4 .gs-snippet,.quizQuestion .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .quizQuestion .gs-snippet,.resource__title .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .resource__title .gs-snippet,.service__title .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .service__title .gs-snippet,.checkout__heading .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .checkout__heading .gs-snippet,.section__article h3 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .section__article h3 .gs-snippet,.quizFeedback__congrats .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .quizFeedback__congrats .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--5,h5,.contentHeader__subTitle,.solutionHeader__authors,.section__article h4,.section__article .quizQuestion,.hero__browseHeading{font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;color:#1e1d1d}.scale--5 p,h5 p,.contentHeader__subTitle p,.solutionHeader__authors p,.section__article h4 p,.section__article .quizQuestion p,.hero__browseHeading p,.scale--5 ul li,ul .scale--5 li,h5 ul li,ul h5 li,.contentHeader__subTitle ul li,ul .contentHeader__subTitle li,.solutionHeader__authors ul li,ul .solutionHeader__authors li,.section__article h4 ul li,ul .section__article h4 li,.section__article .quizQuestion ul li,ul .section__article .quizQuestion li,.hero__browseHeading ul li,ul .hero__browseHeading li,.scale--5 ol li,ol .scale--5 li,h5 ol li,ol h5 li,.contentHeader__subTitle ol li,ol .contentHeader__subTitle li,.solutionHeader__authors ol li,ol .solutionHeader__authors li,.section__article h4 ol li,ol .section__article h4 li,.section__article .quizQuestion ol li,ol .section__article .quizQuestion li,.hero__browseHeading ol li,ol .hero__browseHeading li,.scale--5 dd,h5 dd,.contentHeader__subTitle dd,.solutionHeader__authors dd,.section__article h4 dd,.section__article .quizQuestion dd,.hero__browseHeading dd,.scale--5 dt,h5 dt,.contentHeader__subTitle dt,.solutionHeader__authors dt,.section__article h4 dt,.section__article .quizQuestion dt,.hero__browseHeading dt,.scale--5 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--5 .gs-snippet,h5 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main h5 .gs-snippet,.contentHeader__subTitle .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .contentHeader__subTitle .gs-snippet,.solutionHeader__authors .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .solutionHeader__authors .gs-snippet,.section__article h4 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .section__article h4 .gs-snippet,.section__article .quizQuestion .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .section__article .quizQuestion .gs-snippet,.hero__browseHeading .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .hero__browseHeading .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--6,h6,.cta__text,.faqCategory{font-size:1em;font-weight:700;color:#1e1d1d;text-transform:uppercase}.scale--6 p,h6 p,.cta__text p,.faqCategory p,.scale--6 ul li,ul .scale--6 li,h6 ul li,ul h6 li,.cta__text ul li,ul .cta__text li,.faqCategory ul li,ul .faqCategory li,.scale--6 ol li,ol .scale--6 li,h6 ol li,ol h6 li,.cta__text ol li,ol .cta__text li,.faqCategory ol li,ol .faqCategory li,.scale--6 dd,h6 dd,.cta__text dd,.faqCategory dd,.scale--6 dt,h6 dt,.cta__text dt,.faqCategory dt,.scale--6 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--6 .gs-snippet,h6 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main h6 .gs-snippet,.cta__text .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .cta__text .gs-snippet,.faqCategory .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .faqCategory .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--7,.pagination__total{font-size:0.88889em;font-weight:700;color:#1e1d1d;text-transform:uppercase}.scale--7 p,.pagination__total p,.scale--7 ul li,ul .scale--7 li,.pagination__total ul li,ul .pagination__total li,.scale--7 ol li,ol .scale--7 li,.pagination__total ol li,ol .pagination__total li,.scale--7 dd,.pagination__total dd,.scale--7 dt,.pagination__total dt,.scale--7 .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .scale--7 .gs-snippet,.pagination__total .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .pagination__total .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.scale--0,h1,h2,h3{margin-bottom:0.25em}h4,.quizQuestion,h5,h6,.scale--7,.pagination__total{margin-bottom:0.5em}.heading--centered,.headingIntro__title{text-align:center}.byline--secondary{font-size:0.88889em;margin-bottom:1em;color:#bcb9bc}p,ul li,ol li,dd,dt,.l--main .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 1em}p:empty,ul li:empty,ol li:empty,dd:empty,dt:empty,.l--main .gs-snippet:empty{display:none}.p--secondary,.link--related,.navBrowse__link,.navBrowse__label,.selectNav__label{font-size:0.88889em;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.p--notes,.editor,.versions__status,.vocabulary__context p,.vocabulary__context ul li,ul .vocabulary__context li,.vocabulary__context ol li,ol .vocabulary__context li,.vocabulary__context dd,.vocabulary__context dt,.vocabulary__context .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .vocabulary__context .gs-snippet{font-size:0.88889em;margin-bottom:2em;color:#bcb9bc}.username{font-weight:700}.school a{text-decoration:none}.novel a{text-decoration:none}blockquote{font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.6;margin:1em 0;text-align:center;color:#7d9ecd}strong,b{font-weight:700}q{quotes:inherit}q:before{content:"\201C" !important}q:after{content:"\201D" !important}cite{font-style:italic}br:only-child{display:none}.showBreaks br:only-child{display:inherit}.editedAt{font-size:0.7em;margin:1em 0;padding-top:1em;color:#bcb9bc;border-top:1px dotted #bcb9bc}.tag{font-size:0.7em;font-weight:500;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;color:#bcb9bc}.icon,.icon--small{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0;line-height:0}.icon{width:32px;height:32px;fill:currentColor}.icon--small{width:20px;height:20px}.icon--contentType,.icon--contentTypeHeavy{display:block;margin:0 auto;width:50px;height:50px;fill:#dbe7f3}.icon--contentTypeHeavy{fill:#a7c4e2}.icon--checkmark{display:inline-block}.icon--checkmark:after{content:'';display:block;width:5px;height:10px;border:solid green;border-width:0 2px 2px 0;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);-o-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);margin:0 0 2px 5px}a{color:#7d9ecd;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s}a:visited{color:#7d9ecd}a:focus{color:#cd383f}a:hover{color:#cd383f}a:active{color:#cd383f}a .icon{-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s}.link--related,.navBrowse__link{color:#bcb9bc;margin:0 10px 10px 0;text-decoration:none}.link--related:visited,.navBrowse__link:visited{color:#bcb9bc}.link--related:focus,.navBrowse__link:focus{color:#e9e9e9}.link--related:hover,.navBrowse__link:hover{color:#e9e9e9}.link--related:active,.navBrowse__link:active{color:#e9e9e9}.link--disabled{color:#e9e9e9;cursor:default}.link--disabled:visited{color:#e9e9e9}.link--disabled:focus{color:#e9e9e9}.link--disabled:hover{color:#e9e9e9}.link--disabled:active{color:#e9e9e9}.link--more{font-size:0.8125em;font-weight:700;display:inline-block;padding:0.5em 2em 0 0;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;border-top:1px solid #dfe7f3}.link--truncate{display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.link--remove.link--remove{font-size:0.7em}.link--remove:before{content:"– "}.link--navMobile,.link--navigation{color:#7d9ecd;font-weight:700;position:absolute;top:12px;right:0;padding:5px;border-radius:4px;background:#dbe7f3}.link--navMobile:visited,.link--navigation:visited{color:#7d9ecd}.link--navMobile:focus,.link--navigation:focus{color:#fff}.link--navMobile:hover,.link--navigation:hover{color:#fff}.link--navMobile:active,.link--navigation:active{color:#fff}.link--navMobile:hover,.link--navigation:hover,.link--navMobile.is--active,.is--active.link--navigation{color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.link--navMobile:hover .icon,.link--navigation:hover .icon,.link--navMobile.is--active .icon,.is--active.link--navigation .icon{fill:#fff}.link--navMobile .icon,.link--navigation .icon{position:relative;top:2px;width:16px;height:16px;margin-right:4px;fill:#7d9ecd}#subscriptions .link--navMobile,#subscriptions .link--navigation{display:none}.link--navigation{position:static;display:block;width:100%;margin:1em 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none}.link--navigation:before,.link--navigation:after{-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;display:inline-block;height:0;width:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);border-width:0.75em 0.375em;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;border-top-color:#7d9ecd;border-bottom-width:0;margin:.25em 1em;content:""}.link--navigation:before{float:left}.link--navigation:after{float:right}.link--navigation:hover:before,.link--navigation:hover:after,.link--navigation:focus:before,.link--navigation:focus:after{display:inline-block;height:0;width:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);border-width:0.75em 0.375em;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;border-top-color:#fff;border-bottom-width:0}button,.button,input[type='submit'],input[type='button'],.button--purchase,.instruction__button,.button--secondary,input[type='reset'],.button--tertiary{border-radius:4px;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1em;display:inline-block;margin-right:20px;text-decoration:none;border:0;border:1px solid #cd383f}button:hover,.button:hover,input[type='submit']:hover,input[type='button']:hover,.button--purchase:hover,.instruction__button:hover,.button--secondary:hover,input[type='reset']:hover,.button--tertiary:hover,button:focus,.button:focus,input[type='submit']:focus,input[type='button']:focus,.button--purchase:focus,.instruction__button:focus,.button--secondary:focus,input[type='reset']:focus,.button--tertiary:focus{border-color:#323032}button::-moz-focus-inner,.button::-moz-focus-inner,input[type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner,input[type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,.button--purchase::-moz-focus-inner,.instruction__button::-moz-focus-inner,.button--secondary::-moz-focus-inner,input[type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,.button--tertiary::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}form button,form .button,form input[type='submit'],form input[type='button'],form .button--purchase,form .instruction__button,form .button--secondary,form input[type='reset'],form .button--tertiary{margin-bottom:0.5em}button,.button,input[type='submit'],input[type='button'],.button--purchase,.instruction__button{color:#fff;padding:10px 30px;background:#cd383f}button:visited,.button:visited,input[type='submit']:visited,input[type='button']:visited,.button--purchase:visited,.instruction__button:visited{color:#fff}button:focus,.button:focus,input[type='submit']:focus,input[type='button']:focus,.button--purchase:focus,.instruction__button:focus{color:#fff}button:hover,.button:hover,input[type='submit']:hover,input[type='button']:hover,.button--purchase:hover,.instruction__button:hover{color:#fff}button:active,.button:active,input[type='submit']:active,input[type='button']:active,.button--purchase:active,.instruction__button:active{color:#fff}button:hover,.button:hover,input[type='submit']:hover,input[type='button']:hover,.button--purchase:hover,.instruction__button:hover,button:focus,.button:focus,input[type='submit']:focus,input[type='button']:focus,.button--purchase:focus,.instruction__button:focus{background:#323032}button[disabled],[disabled].button,input[disabled][type='submit'],input[disabled][type='button'],[disabled].button--purchase,[disabled].instruction__button{-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;cursor:default;border-color:#e9e9e9;background:#e9e9e9}.button--secondary,input[type='reset'],.button--tertiary{color:#cd383f;padding:10px;background:#fff;text-align:center}.button--secondary:visited,input[type='reset']:visited,.button--tertiary:visited{color:#cd383f}.button--secondary:focus,input[type='reset']:focus,.button--tertiary:focus{color:#323032}.button--secondary:hover,input[type='reset']:hover,.button--tertiary:hover{color:#323032}.button--secondary:active,input[type='reset']:active,.button--tertiary:active{color:#323032}.button--secondary:hover,input[type='reset']:hover,.button--tertiary:hover,.button--secondary:focus,input[type='reset']:focus,.button--tertiary:focus{background:#fff}[disabled].button--secondary,input[disabled][type='reset'],[disabled].button--tertiary{-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;cursor:default;color:#e9e9e9;border-color:#e9e9e9;background:#fff}input[type='reset']{cursor:pointer}.button--tertiary{color:#bcb9bc;border-color:#bcb9bc}.button--tertiary:visited{color:#bcb9bc}.button--tertiary:focus{color:#323032}.button--tertiary:hover{color:#323032}.button--tertiary:active{color:#323032}.button--tiny,.button--flagged,.actions__button{font-size:.9em;padding:.2em .4em}.button--flagged,.actions__button{color:#cccccb;border-color:#cccccb}.button--flagged:visited,.actions__button:visited{color:#cccccb}.button--flagged:focus,.actions__button:focus{color:#323032}.button--flagged:hover,.actions__button:hover{color:#323032}.button--flagged:active,.actions__button:active{color:#323032}.button--purchase{margin-bottom:1em}.hero .button--purchase{position:relative;top:2px;right:2px}.hero .button--purchase:hover,.hero .button--purchase:focus{top:0;right:0;border:3px solid #fff}.button--full{width:100%;text-align:center}hr,.rule--thin,.ruleHeading--thin,.rule--thick,.question--expanded:after{margin:15px 0;width:100%;border:0;background:#1e1d1d}hr{height:1px}.rule--thin,.ruleHeading--thin{height:3px}.rule--thick,.question--expanded:after{height:9px}.rule--dotted{border-top:1px dotted #cccccb;background:transparent}.ruleHeading--thin{margin-top:7.5px}.divider--text{display:block;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;color:#bcb9bc;margin:1em 0 2em}.divider--text:before,.divider--text:after{content:"";display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;width:50%;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:#bcb9bc}.divider--text:before{right:0.5em;margin-left:-50%}.divider--text:after{left:0.5em;margin-right:-50%}input[type='text'],input[type='email'],input[type='tel'],input[type='url'],input[type='password'],input[type='number'],textarea,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.formula--rendered,.formula--unrendered{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:4px;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;padding:14px 7px;border:1px solid #e7eff7;background:#e7eff7;color:#1e1d1d;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"}input[type='text']::-webkit-input-placeholder,input[type='email']::-webkit-input-placeholder,input[type='tel']::-webkit-input-placeholder,input[type='url']::-webkit-input-placeholder,input[type='password']::-webkit-input-placeholder,input[type='number']::-webkit-input-placeholder,textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single::-webkit-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices::-webkit-input-placeholder,.formula--rendered::-webkit-input-placeholder,.formula--unrendered::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}input[type='text']:-moz-placeholder,input[type='email']:-moz-placeholder,input[type='tel']:-moz-placeholder,input[type='url']:-moz-placeholder,input[type='password']:-moz-placeholder,input[type='number']:-moz-placeholder,textarea:-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single:-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:-moz-placeholder,.formula--rendered:-moz-placeholder,.formula--unrendered:-moz-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}input[type='text']::-moz-placeholder,input[type='email']::-moz-placeholder,input[type='tel']::-moz-placeholder,input[type='url']::-moz-placeholder,input[type='password']::-moz-placeholder,input[type='number']::-moz-placeholder,textarea::-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single::-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices::-moz-placeholder,.formula--rendered::-moz-placeholder,.formula--unrendered::-moz-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}input[type='text']:-ms-input-placeholder,input[type='email']:-ms-input-placeholder,input[type='tel']:-ms-input-placeholder,input[type='url']:-ms-input-placeholder,input[type='password']:-ms-input-placeholder,input[type='number']:-ms-input-placeholder,textarea:-ms-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single:-ms-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:-ms-input-placeholder,.formula--rendered:-ms-input-placeholder,.formula--unrendered:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] textarea,[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-single [data-useragent*='Firefox'] .chosen-single,[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.chosen-container-multi [data-useragent*='Firefox'] .chosen-choices,[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .formula--rendered,[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .formula--unrendered,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] textarea,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-single [data-useragent*='MSIE'] .chosen-single,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.chosen-container-multi [data-useragent*='MSIE'] .chosen-choices,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .formula--rendered,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .formula--unrendered,[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] textarea,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-single [data-useragent*='Trident'] .chosen-single,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.chosen-container-multi [data-useragent*='Trident'] .chosen-choices,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .formula--rendered,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .formula--unrendered,[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] textarea,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-single [data-useragent*='Opera'] .chosen-single,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.chosen-container-multi [data-useragent*='Opera'] .chosen-choices,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .formula--rendered,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .formula--unrendered{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}input[type='text']:focus,input[type='email']:focus,input[type='tel']:focus,input[type='url']:focus,input[type='password']:focus,input[type='number']:focus,textarea:focus,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single:focus,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:focus,.formula--rendered:focus,.formula--unrendered:focus{border:1px solid #7d9ecd;background:#fff}input[disabled][type='text'],input[disabled][type='email'],input[disabled][type='tel'],input[disabled][type='url'],input[disabled][type='password'],input[disabled][type='number'],textarea[disabled],.chosen-container-single [disabled].chosen-single,.chosen-container-multi [disabled].chosen-choices,[disabled].formula--rendered,[disabled].formula--unrendered{background:#e9e9e9;opacity:.5}input[readonly][type='text'],input[readonly][type='email'],input[readonly][type='tel'],input[readonly][type='url'],input[readonly][type='password'],input[readonly][type='number'],textarea[readonly],.chosen-container-single [readonly].chosen-single,.chosen-container-multi [readonly].chosen-choices,[readonly].formula--rendered,[readonly].formula--unrendered{background:#e9e9e9;opacity:.5}.field--error input[type='text'],.field--error input[type='email'],.field--error input[type='tel'],.field--error input[type='url'],.field--error input[type='password'],.field--error input[type='number'],.field--error textarea,.field--error .chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-single .field--error .chosen-single,.field--error .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices,.chosen-container-multi .field--error .chosen-choices,.field--error .formula--rendered,.field--error .formula--unrendered{background:#deb3ab;border-color:#deb3ab;color:#fff}.field--error input[type='text']::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='email']::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='tel']::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='url']::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='password']::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='number']::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-single .chosen-single::-webkit-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .field--error .chosen-single::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices::-webkit-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .field--error .chosen-choices::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error .formula--rendered::-webkit-input-placeholder,.field--error .formula--unrendered::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#fff}.field--error input[type='text']:-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='email']:-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='tel']:-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='url']:-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='password']:-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='number']:-moz-placeholder,.field--error textarea:-moz-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-single .chosen-single:-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .field--error .chosen-single:-moz-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .field--error .chosen-choices:-moz-placeholder,.field--error .formula--rendered:-moz-placeholder,.field--error .formula--unrendered:-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.field--error input[type='text']::-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='email']::-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='tel']::-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='url']::-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='password']::-moz-placeholder,.field--error input[type='number']::-moz-placeholder,.field--error textarea::-moz-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-single .chosen-single::-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .field--error .chosen-single::-moz-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices::-moz-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .field--error .chosen-choices::-moz-placeholder,.field--error .formula--rendered::-moz-placeholder,.field--error .formula--unrendered::-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.field--error input[type='text']:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='email']:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='tel']:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='url']:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='password']:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error input[type='number']:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error textarea:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-single .chosen-single:-ms-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-single .field--error .chosen-single:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:-ms-input-placeholder,.chosen-container-multi .field--error .chosen-choices:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error .formula--rendered:-ms-input-placeholder,.field--error .formula--unrendered:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#fff}input[type='text'],input[type='email'],input[type='tel'],input[type='url'],input[type='password'],input[type='number']{height:42px;line-height:14px}[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='text'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='email'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='tel'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='url'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='password'],[data-useragent*='Firefox'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='MSIE'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='Trident'] input[type='number'],[data-useragent*='Opera'] input[type='number']{line-height:42px}input[type='text'],input[type='email'],input[type='tel'],input[type='url'],input[type='password'],input[type='number'],textarea{margin:0;width:100%}input[type='search']{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;padding:0 10px;width:100%;height:42px;border:0;background:#dddddd;color:#1e1d1d;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";line-height:14px}[data-useragent*='Safari'] input[type='search']{padding:0}[data-useragent*='Chrome'] input[type='search']{padding:0 10px}input[type='search']:focus{background:#fff}textarea{height:126px;line-height:1.4}.textarea--tall{height:252px}.icheck--checkbox,.icheck--radio,.quizAnswer,.quizAnswer--chosen,.quizAnswer--correct,.quizAnswer--incorrect{position:relative;padding:0 0 0 20px}.icheck--checkbox.icheck--disabled,.icheck--checkbox.icheck--disabled:hover,.icheck--checkbox.icheck--disabled:focus,.icheck--radio.icheck--disabled,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--chosen,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--correct,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--incorrect,.icheck--radio.icheck--disabled:hover,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer:hover,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--chosen:hover,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--correct:hover,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--incorrect:hover,.icheck--radio.icheck--disabled:focus,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer:focus,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--chosen:focus,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--correct:focus,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--incorrect:focus{cursor:default;color:#cccccb}.icheck--checkbox:hover,.icheck--checkbox:focus,.icheck--radio:hover,.quizAnswer:hover,.quizAnswer--chosen:hover,.quizAnswer--correct:hover,.quizAnswer--incorrect:hover,.icheck--radio:focus,.quizAnswer:focus,.quizAnswer--chosen:focus,.quizAnswer--correct:focus,.quizAnswer--incorrect:focus{color:#7d9ecd}.icheck--checkbox:before,.icheck--radio:before,.quizAnswer:before,.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.quizAnswer--correct:before,.quizAnswer--incorrect:before{background-image:url("../png/sprite-9ce163ea764f3b5be72f78db45cbed4998fcd1374a728bbdad20a43ef757df56.png");display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:16px;height:16px;content:''}.icheck--checkbox input,.icheck--radio input,.quizAnswer input,.quizAnswer--chosen input,.quizAnswer--correct input,.quizAnswer--incorrect input{display:none}.icheck--checkbox:before{background-position:0 0}.icheck--checkbox.icheck--disabled:before{background-position:0 -16px}.icheck--checkboxSelected:before{background-position:0 -32px}.icheck--checkboxSelected.icheck--disabled{color:#1e1d1d}.icheck--checkboxSelected.icheck--disabled:before{background-position:0 -48px}.icheck--radio:before,.quizAnswer:before,.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.quizAnswer--correct:before,.quizAnswer--incorrect:before{background-position:0 -64px}.icheck--radio.icheck--disabled:before,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer:before,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--correct:before,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--incorrect:before{background-position:0 -80px}.icheck--boxed .icheck--radio,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--chosen,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--correct,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--incorrect{position:relative;margin:10px 0;padding:10px;padding-left:36px;border-radius:4px;background:#e7eff7}.icheck--boxed .icheck--radio:before,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer:before,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--chosen:before,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--correct:before,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--incorrect:before{display:none}.icheck--boxed .icheck--radio:hover,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer:hover,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--chosen:hover,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--correct:hover,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--incorrect:hover,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radio:focus,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer:focus,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--chosen:focus,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--correct:focus,.icheck--boxed .quizAnswer--incorrect:focus,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radio.icheck--radioSelected,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--chosen,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--correct,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--incorrect{color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.icheck--boxed .icheck--radio.icheck--radioSelected:before,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer:before,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--correct:before,.icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--incorrect:before{position:absolute;top:11px;left:10px;display:block;height:14px;background-position:0 -142px}.icheck--radioSelected:before{background-position:0 -96px}.icheck--radioSelected.icheck--disabled{color:#1e1d1d}.icheck--radioSelected.icheck--disabled:before{background-position:0 -112px}.quizAnswer,.quizAnswer--chosen,.quizAnswer--correct,.quizAnswer--incorrect{position:relative;margin:5px 0 5px -5px;padding:5px;border-radius:4px;background:#e9e9e9}.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--chosen,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--correct,.icheck--disabled.quizAnswer--incorrect{color:#1e1d1d}.quizAnswer:before,.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.quizAnswer--correct:before,.quizAnswer--incorrect:before{display:none}.quizAnswer--correct.icheck--disabled:hover,.quizAnswer--correct.icheck--disabled:focus,.quizAnswer--incorrect.icheck--disabled:hover,.quizAnswer--incorrect.icheck--disabled:focus{cursor:default;color:#1e1d1d}.quizQuestion{margin-top:0 !important;text-transform:none}.fieldset--quizQuestion .field:nth-child(odd),.fieldset--quizQuestion .formulaContainer:nth-child(odd){clear:both}.quizAnswer:hover,.quizAnswer:focus,.quizAnswer.icheck--radioSelected{color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.quizAnswer--chosen:before{position:absolute;top:6px;left:5px;display:block}.quizAnswer--correct{border-color:#d5f5d9;background:#d5f5d9}.quizAnswer--correct.icheck--disabled:hover,.quizAnswer--correct.icheck--disabled:focus{background:#d5f5d9}.quizAnswer--correct.quizAnswer--chosen,.quizAnswer--correct.quizAnswer--chosen:hover,.quizAnswer--correct.quizAnswer--chosen:focus{padding-left:25.5px;color:#fff;background:#2ECC40}.quizAnswer--correct.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.quizAnswer--correct.quizAnswer--chosen:hover:before,.quizAnswer--correct.quizAnswer--chosen:focus:before{height:14px;background-position:0 -142px}.quizAnswer--incorrect.icheck--disabled:hover,.quizAnswer--incorrect.icheck--disabled:focus{background:#e9e9e9}.quizAnswer--incorrect.quizAnswer--chosen,.quizAnswer--incorrect.quizAnswer--chosen:hover,.quizAnswer--incorrect.quizAnswer--chosen:focus{padding-left:23.5px;color:#fff;background:#cd383f}.quizAnswer--incorrect.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.quizAnswer--incorrect.quizAnswer--chosen:hover:before,.quizAnswer--incorrect.quizAnswer--chosen:focus:before{height:13px;background-position:0 -169px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;line-height:42px;-webkit-transition:border 0s;-o-transition:border 0s;transition:border 0s;border:0;background:#e7eff7;-webkit-box-shadow:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;-webkit-filter:none;filter:none}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b:after,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:after,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr:after,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close:after,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li:before,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.group-option:before{background-image:url("../png/sprite-9ce163ea764f3b5be72f78db45cbed4998fcd1374a728bbdad20a43ef757df56.png");position:absolute;top:50%;width:16px;content:''}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:before{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:42px;background:#aac1dd}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b:after,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:after{height:10px;margin-top:-5px;background-position:0 -192px !important}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close{border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;width:32px;background:#405461}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr:hover,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close:hover{cursor:pointer;background:#1e1d1d}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr:after,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close:after{left:50%;height:13px;margin-top:-6.5px;margin-left:-8px;background-position:0 -169px}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice{white-space:nowrap;color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.gs--chosen-container .chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div .gs--chosen-container b,.gs--chosen-container .chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single .gs--chosen-container abbr,.gs--chosen-container .chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .gs--chosen-container .search-choice-close{background-image:none !important}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single{height:42px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single.chosen-default{z-index:3}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single span{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;margin-right:0}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b:after{left:50%;margin-left:-8px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;position:relative;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;height:26px}.chosen-container-multi{position:relative}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices{border-radius:4px;position:relative;min-height:42px;padding:14px 7px !important}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:before{content:'';text-align:center}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:after{right:13px;margin-left:-8px}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice{position:relative;margin:-7px 5px -7px 0;padding:7px 39px 7px 7px;border:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice span{top:0;left:0}.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:auto}.chosen-container-multi .search-field{line-height:14px;height:14px}.chosen-container-multi .search-field input[type='text']{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol" !important;margin:0 !important;padding:0 !important;position:relative;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);-o-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop{position:relative;z-index:5;color:#1e1d1d;border:0;background:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;-webkit-filter:none;filter:none}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop .chosen-single{border:2px solid #323032;background:#fff}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop span,.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop abbr{position:relative;top:-2px;left:-2px}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop div b{width:40px;background:#323032}.chosen-container-active.chosen-with-drop div b:after{background-position:0 -182px !important}.chosen-container-active.chosen-container-multi{border:0}.chosen-container-active.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices{margin-bottom:-2px;padding:12px 7px;border:2px solid #323032;background:#fff}.chosen-container-active.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:before{background:#323032}.chosen-container-active.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:after{right:11px;margin-top:-7px;background-position:0 -182px !important}.chosen-container-active.chosen-container-multi li.search-choice{position:relative;left:-2px;white-space:nowrap}.chosen-single{-webkit-transition:0;-o-transition:0;transition:0}.chosen-single.chosen-single-with-deselect{color:#1e1d1d}.chosen-single.chosen-single-with-deselect span{border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;line-height:1.2;padding:5px;color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.chosen-single.chosen-default span{color:#9b9a9c;background:transparent}form .chosen-container{height:42px}form .chosen-container .chosen-drop{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;top:auto;border:0;background:#323032;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}form .chosen-container .chosen-search{margin:7px;padding:0}form .chosen-container .chosen-search input[type='text']{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";height:auto;padding:4px 5px 4px 20px;color:#cccccb;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #656465;border-radius:0;background-position:-33px -20px}form .chosen-container .chosen-results{margin:7px;padding:0}form .chosen-container .chosen-results li,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.group-option{position:relative;padding:7px 7px 7px 23px}form .chosen-container .chosen-results li:before,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.group-option:before{top:7px;left:0;height:16px;background-position:0 0}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .active-result{color:#cccccb}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .active-result:hover{color:#fff}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .active-result em{border-radius:2px;padding:0.2em;text-decoration:none;background:#667681}form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.highlighted,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.no-results,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.result-selected{font-weight:700;background:transparent;-webkit-filter:none;filter:none}form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.no-results{padding-left:0;color:#cccccb}form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.no-results:before{display:none}form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.no-results span{color:#fff}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .result-selected{color:#656465 !important}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .result-selected:before{background-position:0 -32px !important}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-result{font-weight:900;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0;padding-left:0;text-transform:uppercase;color:#656465}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-result:first-child{margin-top:0}form .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-result:before{display:none}.group-option+.active-result{margin-top:1em !important}.group-option+.group-option{margin-top:0 !important}.field,.formulaContainer{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;position:relative}.field>.field:last-child,.formulaContainer>.field:last-child,.field>.formulaContainer:last-child,.formulaContainer>.formulaContainer:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.field.hidden,.hidden.formulaContainer{margin:0}label{font-weight:900;line-height:1.2;display:block;margin:0 0 0.5em;padding:0;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9b9a9c}.label--inline{display:inline-block;margin:0 .5em .5em 0}.required>abbr,.required>abbr[title]{font-weight:400;opacity:0.65;border-bottom:0;cursor:pointer}.field__error{margin:0.5em 0;text-transform:capitalize;color:#cd383f}.error__icon{width:8px;height:8px;margin:0 2px 0 -1px}.field__hint{color:#bcb9bc}.field--full{clear:both;width:100%}.field--half{margin-top:0}.field--twoThirds{margin-top:0}.field--third{margin-top:0}.field--quarter{margin-top:0}.field--nolabel{padding-top:19px}.form--write__fieldset+.form--write__fieldset{border-top:9px solid #1e1d1d}ul,ol{margin:0 0 0 1.75em}ul li,ol li{margin:0 0 0.25em}ul{list-style-type:square}ol{list-style-type:decimal}dt{font-weight:700;margin:1em 0 0.25em}dt:first-child,dt+dt{margin-top:0}dd{margin:0 0 0.25em 1.5em}.list--inline{margin:0}.list--inline li{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.list--letters li,.multipleChoice__list li{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.js--lazyLoad__canvas{max-width:100%;height:auto !important}.logo{display:block;width:300px;margin:15px auto}.cover{width:100%}.image--framed{border-radius:18px;border:9px solid #405461}.featuredImage{border-radius:4px;margin:0 0 1em;padding:20px;background:#edf3f9}.featuredImage img{display:block;margin:0 auto}.is--hidden{display:none !important}.is--visHidden{position:absolute;top:0 !important;left:0 !important;overflow:hidden !important;width:0 !important;height:0 !important}.is--collapsed{display:none}.is--stuck{z-index:5000}.is--noMargin{margin:0 !important}.ad{display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;margin-bottom:7.5px;text-align:center}.ad+h1,.ad+h2,.ad+h3,.ad+h4,.ad+.quizQuestion,.ad+h5,.ad+h6{margin-top:1.5em}.ad *{line-height:0;margin:0 auto;padding:0;text-align:center}.ad--members{margin-bottom:15px;padding:3em 1.5em;text-align:center;color:#9b9b9b;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;background:#efefef}.ad--bar{margin-bottom:0;padding:0;background:#efefef}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -30px}.ad--1x1{margin:-10px 0 0;padding:0}.ad--mobile{position:fixed;z-index:6000;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;height:50px;margin:0;background:rgba(30,29,29,0.8)}.ad__close{line-height:1;position:absolute;z-index:6001;top:-1em;right:10px;margin:0;padding:0.5em;border-radius:50%}.charge_table{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 0.5em;margin-bottom:2rem}.charge_table th,.charge_table td{padding-right:2em}.actions--centered{clear:both}.actions__button{background:transparent}.actions--centered{text-align:center}.citation{border-radius:4px;position:absolute;margin-bottom:17px;padding:15px;background:#1e1d1d;color:#fff;bottom:3.5em;z-index:5000;font-size:.9em}.citation:after{display:inline-block;height:0;width:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);border-width:17px 17px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;border-top-color:#1e1d1d;border-bottom-width:0;position:absolute;bottom:-17px;right:30px;content:""}.citation__title{font-size:1.1em;color:#fff}.cta,.cta--icon,.cta--error{margin:0 0 15px;padding:15px;text-align:center;border-radius:4px;background:#edf3f9}.cta--error{margin:15px 0}.cta--icon .cta__title{margin-top:.5em}.cta--error .cta__title{color:#cd383f}.cta__text{text-transform:none}.cta__button{margin:1em 0 0}.ui-sortable{margin-bottom:30px}.ui-sortable-handle{padding:0.25em;cursor:-webkit-grab;cursor:-moz-grab;cursor:grab}.ui-sortable-handle+.ui-sortable-handle{border-top:1px dotted #bcb9bc}.ui-sortable-handle:hover{background:#edf3f9}.dragHandle{display:inline-block;float:left;margin-right:10px;width:6px;height:23px;border-right:2px dotted #bcb9bc;border-left:2px dotted #bcb9bc}.paywall{position:relative;margin:-60px 0 30px;padding-top:15px;border-top:9px solid #1e1d1d;background:#fff}.paywall:before{position:absolute;top:-159px;right:0;left:0;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:150px;content:'';background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0px, rgba(255,255,255,0.75) 60px, #fff 140px);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0px, rgba(255,255,255,0.75) 60px, #fff 140px);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0px, rgba(255,255,255,0.75) 60px, #fff 140px)}.purchase{margin:0 0 15px;font-weight:700}.hero .purchase{margin-bottom:0}.purchase__item{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;position:relative}.purchase__link{color:#fff;margin-right:0.5em;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:1em;background:#cd383f;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";line-height:1}.purchase__link:visited{color:#fff}.purchase__link:focus{color:#fff}.purchase__link:hover{color:#fff}.purchase__link:active{color:#fff}.purchase__link strong{opacity:0.5}.purchase__link:hover{background:#656465;color:#fff}.purchase__icon{border-top-left-radius:1em;border-bottom-left-radius:1em;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;padding:0.4em 0;width:40px;border-right:1px solid #fff;background:#852429}.purchase__link:hover .purchase__icon{background:#1e1d1d}.purchase__icon .icon{position:relative;top:2px;width:16px;height:16px;fill:#fff}.purchase__copy{padding:0.5em 25px 0.5em 15px}.purchase__paymentOptions{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;position:absolute;top:100%;right:1.5em;left:1em;z-index:1;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background:#e9e9e9;text-align:center;font-size:0.75em}.purchase__paymentOptions a{display:block;margin:0.5em 0;text-decoration:none}.share{border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;background:#cccccb;list-style-type:none}.hero .share{margin-bottom:0;background:transparent}.l--contentAdRail .share{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:300px}.share__item{float:left;margin:0;padding:0;width:50%;border-left:1px solid #fff;text-align:center}.share__item:first-child{border-left:none}.share__link{display:block}.share__icon{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;margin:6px 0;padding:0;width:24px;height:24px;fill:#fff}.share__twitter:hover,.share__twitter:focus{background:#00aced}.share__facebook:hover,.share__facebook:focus{background:#3b5998}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{margin:15px 0}.excerpt__image{float:left;width:20%;border:1px solid #1e1d1d}.excerpt__image img{display:block}.excerpt__details{float:right;overflow:hidden;width:77.5%}.excerpt--author .excerpt__details,.excerpt--numbered .excerpt__details,.excerpt--noImage .excerpt__details{width:100%}.excerpt__title{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0.25em}.excerpt__subtitle{font-size:1em;margin:0.5em 0}.excerpt__byline{font-size:0.7em;line-height:0.6;color:#656465}.excerpt__description p,.excerpt__description ul li,ul .excerpt__description li,.excerpt__description ol li,ol .excerpt__description li,.excerpt__description dd,.excerpt__description dt,.excerpt__description .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .excerpt__description .gs-snippet{margin-bottom:0.5em}.excerpt__detailList dt{display:inline-block;font-weight:700;margin:0}.excerpt__detailList dt:after{content:':'}.excerpt__detailList dd{display:inline;margin:0}.excerpt__detailList dd:after{display:block;content:''}.excerptNav{margin:0.5em 0 0}.excerptNav__link{font-size:0.9em;margin:0 10px 10px 0;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none}.excerpts{counter-reset:excerpt-counter}.excerpt--numbered{position:relative}.excerpt--numbered:before{position:absolute;top:0.4em;right:100%;margin-right:5px;width:50px;color:#9b9a9c;text-align:right;font-weight:700;content:counter(excerpt-counter) ".";counter-increment:excerpt-counter}.instruction{margin-bottom:1em}.instruction__panel{border-radius:4px;position:relative;text-align:center;background-color:#7d9ecd;color:#fff;margin-top:9px;padding:40px;border:none;display:none}.instruction__panel *{color:#fff !important;text-align:left}.instruction__panel:before{content:" ";position:absolute;width:0;height:0;border:9px solid #7d9ecd;line-height:0;top:0;left:25.5px;margin-top:-9px;border-top:none;border-right-color:transparent;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:transparent}.instruction__example{border:1px solid #fff;padding:1em 1em 0 1em;height:auto;font-family:monospace}.instruction__button{background:#7d9ecd;border:1px solid #7d9ecd}.pane{padding:20px 0}.pane--featured:last-child{margin-bottom:30px}.pane--small{font-size:1em !important}.question--featured__question:before,.question--featured__answer:before{font-size:1.25em;font-weight:900;line-height:1;position:absolute;right:100%;margin-top:1px;margin-right:3px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;color:#aac1dd}.question,.gradesaver_qanda_answer{padding-top:20px;padding-right:7em;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:80px;position:relative}.question:nth-child(odd),.gradesaver_qanda_answer:nth-child(odd){border-radius:4px;background:#edf3f9}.question .button--flagged,.gradesaver_qanda_answer .button--flagged,.question .actions__button,.gradesaver_qanda_answer .actions__button{background:transparent}.participants__detail,.participants--featured .participants__detail{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:.8em;overflow:hidden}.actions,.actions--list{list-style-type:none;padding-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-size:.75em;margin-left:0}.actions>li,.actions--list>li{display:inline-block}.question--expanded{background:#fff}.question__topic{margin-bottom:0.25em;font-size:.8em}.question__topic a:hover{color:#cd383f}.question__title{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:700;color:#7d9ecd}.question__title a:hover{color:#cd383f}.question__title--expanded{font-size:1.8em}.question__avatar{position:absolute;top:20px;left:20px}.answer--best .question__avatar{position:absolute;top:50px}.question__body{padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.5em}.question__body p:last-of-type,.question__body ul li:last-of-type,ul .question__body li:last-of-type,.question__body ol li:last-of-type,ol .question__body li:last-of-type,.question__body dd:last-of-type,.question__body dt:last-of-type,.question__body .l--main .gs-snippet:last-of-type,.l--main .question__body .gs-snippet:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.question__status{position:absolute;top:20px;right:20px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap}.question__details{overflow:hidden}.participants,.participants--profile,.participants--featured{margin-top:1em;color:#9b9a9c}.participants--profile{font-size:.8em}.participants--featured{margin-top:0.5em}.participants__detail{padding-top:0.25em}.participants--featured .participants__detail{color:#1e1d1d}.participants__asked{padding-bottom:0.15em}.participants--featured .participants__asked{font-weight:700}.participants__avatar{float:left;margin-right:10px}.answersTitle{margin-bottom:25px}.answersTitle__count{display:inline-block;margin-right:20px}.gradesaver_qanda_answer{margin-bottom:20px;padding-right:80px}.answer--best{position:relative;padding-top:50px}.bestAnswer{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;left:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;font-size:.8em;font-weight:700;line-height:30px;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.answer__user{font-size:.9em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px;padding-top:0.75em;color:#656465}.source{font-size:.8em;margin:20px 0;padding:10px;border:1px solid #cccccb;border-radius:4px}.source__title{font-size:1em;margin-bottom:0;color:#9b9a9c}.source__body{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:10px}.actions{margin:1.5em 0 0}.question--featured{margin-bottom:20px;padding:0 20px}.question--featured__novel{padding:0 0 0 0.25em;margin:0 0 0.5em -2em;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;border-bottom:1px solid #aac1dd}.question--featured__question{font-weight:700;position:relative}.question--featured__question:before{content:"Q:"}.question--featured__question p,.question--featured__question ul li,ul .question--featured__question li,.question--featured__question ol li,ol .question--featured__question li,.question--featured__question dd,.question--featured__question dt,.question--featured__question .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .question--featured__question .gs-snippet{margin-bottom:0.25em}.question--featured__link{color:#1e1d1d;display:block;text-decoration:none}.question--featured__link:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.question--featured__link:focus{color:#cd383f}.question--featured__link:hover{color:#cd383f}.question--featured__link:active{color:#cd383f}.question--featured__answer{position:relative}.question--featured__answer:before{content:"A:"}.question--featured__answer p,.question--featured__answer ul li,ul .question--featured__answer li,.question--featured__answer ol li,ol .question--featured__answer li,.question--featured__answer dd,.question--featured__answer dt,.question--featured__answer .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .question--featured__answer .gs-snippet{margin-bottom:0.25em}.question--featured__more{margin-top:1em}.submit--ask{margin-top:0}.submit__help{padding:20px;border:1px solid #cccccb;border-radius:4px}.question__author{float:right}.question .share{float:right}.resource{display:inline-block;width:290px;margin:0 10px 40px;padding:20px;vertical-align:top;background:#edf3f9}.resource p,.resource ul li,ul .resource li,.resource ol li,ol .resource li,.resource dd,.resource dt,.resource .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .resource .gs-snippet{color:#1e1d1d}.resource:hover{background:#dbe7f3}.resource:hover .resource__title{color:#cd383f}.services{margin:0 -15px 15px}.service{border-radius:4px;width:100%;margin:0 15px 30px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #1e1d1d}.service:hover{background:#edf3f9}.service__title{padding:15px 15px 0}.service__description{padding:0 15px;color:#1e1d1d}.service__price{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;font-weight:700;margin:0 -1px -1px;padding:7.5px;color:#fff;background:#cd383f}.service:hover .service__price{background:#323032}.serviceDetails{border-top:9px solid #1e1d1d;border-bottom:9px solid #1e1d1d;margin:30px 0;padding:0}.serviceDetails__section{position:relative;padding:15px 15px 0;border-left:1px dotted #1e1d1d}.serviceDetails__section:first-child{border-left:none}.serviceDetails__description{text-align:center;font-size:0.9em}.serviceDetails__pricing{margin:0 -15px}.serviceDetails__price{border-radius:0;font-size:1.5em;font-weight:700;float:left;width:50%;margin:0;padding:0 0 7.5px;border:0}.serviceDetails__price:first-child{border-right:1px dotted #fff}.serviceDetails__price:only-child{float:none;width:100%;border-right:0}.serviceDetails__price:hover,.serviceDetails__price:focus{background:#7d9ecd}.serviceDetails__price strong{font-size:0.6em;font-weight:400;display:block;margin-bottom:7.5px;padding:0.4em;background-color:rgba(30,29,29,0.4)}.serviceDetails__price em{font-size:0.4em;font-weight:400;margin-left:-0.5em}.serviceDetails__link{border-radius:0;font-size:0.75em;margin:0 -16px;padding:0.35em;text-transform:uppercase;border:1px solid #fff;background:#cccccb}.serviceDetails__link:hover,.serviceDetails__link:focus{border:1px solid #fff;background:#7d9ecd}.serviceDetails__more{border-radius:4px;position:absolute;bottom:40px;left:10px;right:10px;font-size:.65em;line-height:1.25;color:#fff;z-index:5000;padding:7.5px;background:#1e1d1d}.serviceDetails__more strong{color:#ff8}.serviceDetails__more *{line-height:inherit;margin-bottom:0.5em}.serviceDetails__more:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.serviceDetails__more:after{display:inline-block;height:0;width:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);border-width:15px 15px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;border-top-color:#1e1d1d;border-bottom-width:0;content:"";position:absolute;bottom:-15px;left:50%;margin-left:-15px}.solution__block{border:1px solid #000;margin:1em 0;padding:1em}.solution__block p:last-child,.solution__block ul li:last-child,ul .solution__block li:last-child,.solution__block ol li:last-child,ol .solution__block li:last-child,.solution__block dd:last-child,.solution__block dt:last-child,.solution__block .l--main .gs-snippet:last-child,.l--main .solution__block .gs-snippet:last-child{margin:0}.solutionHeader{float:left;max-width:calc(87.5% - 1em)}.solutionHeader__publisher{font-size:.8em;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:.25em;color:#9b9a9c}.solutionHeader__isbn{display:inline-block;font-size:.7em;font-style:italic;margin-right:1em;color:#9b9a9c}.form__actions{clear:both;margin:1em 0}.form__actions li{margin:0}.form__link{color:#bcb9bc;margin-right:1em;text-decoration:none;font-size:0.825em}.form__link:visited{color:#bcb9bc}.form__link:focus{color:#7d9ecd}.form__link:hover{color:#7d9ecd}.form__link:active{color:#7d9ecd}.form__link:first-child{padding-left:0}.form--editing{margin-top:0}.form--editing .grid--container{margin-top:0}.form--editing__label{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:700;margin-top:1.5em}.form--editing__label:first-child{margin-top:0}.form--editing__subLabel{font-size:0.75em;margin-top:1em}.form--editing__upload{border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:1.5em;padding:0.5em;background:#edf3f9}.form--editing__upload .file{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:16px}#editing_process_editing_document_body{border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;display:block;height:252px;margin-bottom:0}.editing_process_editing_document_body{margin-bottom:0}.form--editing .radio{float:left;width:48.75%;margin:0.5em 2.5% 0.5em 0}.form--editing .radio:nth-child(even){margin-right:0}.essayMeta{border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:1em;padding:0.5em;color:#fff;background:#aac1dd}.essayMeta__wordCount span,.essayMeta__price span{font-weight:400}.essayMeta__wordCount{float:right}.essayMeta__price{float:left}.essayMeta__discount{display:block;clear:both;margin-bottom:1em;text-align:center;text-decoration:none}.essayMeta__discount span{font-weight:900;color:#cd383f}.formula--rendered,.formula--unrendered{border:2px solid #e7eff7}.formula--rendered:focus,.formula--unrendered:focus{border:2px solid #e7eff7;background:#e7eff7}.solutions__instructions{color:#7d9ecd}.formulaInput{position:relative}.formulaContainer{margin-bottom:0}.formulaContainer:last-of-type{margin-bottom:1em}.formula--rendered{background:#fff}.formula--unrendered{resize:vertical;background:#e7eff7;border-top-right-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:0;width:100%;margin-top:1px}.formulaInput--image .field__hint{clear:both;display:block;margin-top:0.5em}.formulaButtons{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-moz-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-moz-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-content:stretch;-ms-flex-line-pack:stretch;align-content:stretch;width:100%;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:4px}.formulaButtons,.formulaButtons *{margin:0;border:0;color:#1e1d1d;font-size:14px;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";line-height:normal;background:#e7eff7;visibility:inherit}.formulaButtons .formulaButton,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton{-webkit-transition:none;-o-transition:none;transition:none;overflow:visible;padding:4px 10px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;border-radius:0;width:40px}.formulaButtons .formulaButton.invisible,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton.invisible{visibility:hidden !important}.formulaButtons .formulaButton:not(.invisible):hover,.formulaButtons .formulaButton:not(.invisible):focus,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton:not(.invisible):hover,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton:not(.invisible):focus{background-color:#405461;color:#fff}.formulaButtons .formulaButton:first-of-type,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton:first-of-type{border-top-left-radius:4px}.formulaButtons .formulaButton *,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton *{background-color:inherit;color:inherit}.formulaButtons .formulaButton script,.formulaButtons * .formulaButton script{display:none}.MathJax *{border-radius:0}.formulaButton__inner{background:transparent;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.formulaButton__tooltip{position:fixed;padding:5px;opacity:.8;zoom:1;z-index:1000;display:none}.formulaButton__tooltipArrow{position:absolute;width:0;height:0;border:5px dashed #405461;line-height:0;top:0;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-top:none;border-right-color:transparent;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:transparent}.formulaButton__tooltipInner{padding:5px 8px 4px 8px;max-width:200px;border-radius:4px;background-color:#405461;color:#fff;text-align:center;white-space:normal;font-size:11px}.togglePreview{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:1000;font-weight:900;line-height:1.2;padding:0;cursor:pointer;color:#7d9ecd}.togglePreview .toggleInner{display:none}.togglePreview .toggleInner *{font-size:0.88889em;vertical-align:middle}.togglePreview .icon{width:14px;height:14px;margin-left:4px}.form--devise{max-width:600px;margin:0 auto 30px;padding:10px}.form--devise fieldset{margin-top:2em}.form--devise .fieldset--submit{margin-top:0.5em}.form--devise .fieldset--submit .field,.form--devise .fieldset--submit .formulaContainer{margin-bottom:0}.form--login{max-width:600px}.form--login .form__submit,.form--login .button--secondary{display:block;width:100%;text-align:center}.navMain .form--login{padding:7.5px}.navMain .form--login .field.boolean,.navMain .form--login .boolean.formulaContainer{text-align:left}.form--login.form--body{margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.form--login .form__actions{margin:0}.form--login .user_remember_me label{text-transform:none}.facebookLogin{display:block;padding:3px 6px 6px;border-radius:4px;background:#3b5998;color:#fff;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700}.facebookLogin:hover,.facebookLogin:focus,.facebookLogin:visited{color:#fff}.facebookLogin:hover,.facebookLogin:focus{background:#263961}.facebookLogin .icon{position:relative;top:5px;fill:currentColor}.form--quiz{margin-bottom:30px}.form--quiz input[type='submit']{float:right;margin:-15px -5px}.fieldset--quizQuestion{margin:15px 0 30px}.fieldset--quizQuestion .field--half{margin-bottom:0.25em}.fieldset--quizQuestion .field--half:nth-child(even){float:right;margin-right:0;*margin-left:-2em;display:inline}.form--siteSearch{position:absolute;top:15px;right:0;left:50%;margin-left:180px}.form--siteSearch input{display:block;height:auto;border-radius:0;background:#fff;font-weight:300;line-height:2}.form--siteSearch .search__button{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;padding:10px 10px 7px;margin:0}.l--content .form--siteSearch .search__button{display:none}.form--siteSearch .search__icon{width:21px;height:21px}.pageHeader .form--siteSearch input{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;border:3px solid #cd383f;border-right:0;color:#1e1d1d;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"}.pageHeader .form--siteSearch input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}.pageHeader .form--siteSearch input:-moz-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}.pageHeader .form--siteSearch input::-moz-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}.pageHeader .form--siteSearch input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .pageHeader .form--siteSearch input,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .pageHeader .form--siteSearch input,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .pageHeader .form--siteSearch input,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .pageHeader .form--siteSearch input{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}[data-useragent*='Chrome'] .pageHeader .form--siteSearch input{padding-left:5px}.l--content .form--siteSearch{border-radius:40px;position:static;margin:1.5em 0 4em;padding:0;border:1px solid #1e1d1d}.l--content .form--siteSearch input{border-radius:40px;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.l--content .form--siteSearch input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#1e1d1d}.l--content .form--siteSearch input:-moz-placeholder{color:#1e1d1d}.l--content .form--siteSearch input::-moz-placeholder{color:#1e1d1d}.l--content .form--siteSearch input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#1e1d1d}[data-useragent*='Trident'] .l--content .form--siteSearch input{height:80px}#subscriptions .form--siteSearch{display:none}#header__search{max-height:0px;height:100%;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:0;-webkit-transition:max-height .3s ease, margin-bottom .3s ease;-o-transition:max-height .3s ease, margin-bottom .3s ease;transition:max-height .3s ease, margin-bottom .3s ease}#header__search.is--displayed{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-height:3.125rem;height:100%;margin-bottom:20px;-webkit-transition:max-height .3s ease, margin-bottom .3s ease;-o-transition:max-height .3s ease, margin-bottom .3s ease;transition:max-height .3s ease, margin-bottom .3s ease}.header__search__icon--mobile{width:21px;height:21px;float:left;cursor:pointer;margin-top:20px;margin-right:20px}.form--siteSearchContent input,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input{display:block;height:auto;border-radius:0;background:#fff;font-weight:300;line-height:2}.form--siteSearchContent .search__button,.form--siteSearchTextbooks .search__button{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;padding:10px 10px 7px;margin:0}.form--siteSearchContent .search__icon,.form--siteSearchTextbooks .search__icon{width:21px;height:21px}.form--siteSearchContent input,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;border:3px solid #cd383f;border-right:0;color:#1e1d1d;font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"}.form--siteSearchContent input::-webkit-input-placeholder,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}.form--siteSearchContent input:-moz-placeholder,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input:-moz-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}.form--siteSearchContent input::-moz-placeholder,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input::-moz-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}.form--siteSearchContent input:-ms-input-placeholder,.form--siteSearchTextbooks input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#9b9a9c}[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .form--siteSearchContent input,[data-useragent*='Firefox'] .form--siteSearchTextbooks input,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .form--siteSearchContent input,[data-useragent*='MSIE'] .form--siteSearchTextbooks input,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .form--siteSearchContent input,[data-useragent*='Trident'] .form--siteSearchTextbooks input,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .form--siteSearchContent input,[data-useragent*='Opera'] .form--siteSearchTextbooks input{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}[data-useragent*='Chrome'] .form--siteSearchContent input,[data-useragent*='Chrome'] .form--siteSearchTextbooks input{padding-left:5px}.timer{float:right}.timer__remaining{float:left;margin-right:5px;line-height:.75;height:2em}.form--profile{margin-bottom:30px}.form--profile fieldset{margin-bottom:15px}.form--profile fieldset:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.columnList,.columnList--half{margin:15px 0 30px;padding:0}.columnList:last-child,.columnList--half:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.supports-csscolumns .columnList{-webkit-column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;column-count:3;-webkit-column-gap:2em;-moz-column-gap:2em;column-gap:2em;-webkit-column-rule:1px dotted #cccccb;-moz-column-rule:1px dotted #cccccb;column-rule:1px dotted #cccccb}.supports-csscolumns .columnList--half{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}.columnList__item{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:none;break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;-ms-column-break-inside:avoid;column-break-inside:avoid}.columnList__list{margin:0.5em 0 2em;padding:0;font-size:0.8em}.columnList__listItem{display:block;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.list--generatedNumbers{list-style:none}.list--generatedNumbers li{position:relative;margin-bottom:.75em}.list--generatedNumbers__item{margin-top:2em}.list--generatedNumbers__number{font-weight:700;position:absolute;top:0;right:100%;width:50px;margin-right:5px;text-align:right;color:#9b9a9c}.list--generatedNumbers__number:after{content:'.'}.linkList,.columnList,.columnList--half{margin:1em 0 1.5em;list-style-type:none}.linkList__item,.columnList__item{position:relative;padding-left:18px}.linkList__item h1,.columnList__item h1,.linkList__item h2,.columnList__item h2,.linkList__item h3,.columnList__item h3,.linkList__item h4,.columnList__item h4,.linkList__item .quizQuestion,.columnList__item .quizQuestion,.linkList__item h5,.columnList__item h5,.linkList__item h6,.columnList__item h6{margin:0}.linkList__icon{position:absolute;top:0.25em;left:0;width:12px;height:12px;fill:#cd383f}#community-note .linkList__icon{fill:#7d9ecd}.linkList__link,.columnList__link{color:#1e1d1d;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.linkList__link:visited,.columnList__link:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.linkList__link:focus,.columnList__link:focus{color:#7d9ecd}.linkList__link:hover,.columnList__link:hover{color:#7d9ecd}.linkList__link:active,.columnList__link:active{color:#7d9ecd}.linkList__description{margin:0 0 0.5em}.linkList__link--secondary{font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;line-height:0.5em;margin-top:0;color:#bcb9bc}.linkList__link--secondary a{color:#bcb9bc;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none}.linkList__link--secondary a:visited{color:#bcb9bc}.linkList__link--secondary a:focus{color:#7d9ecd}.linkList__link--secondary a:hover{color:#7d9ecd}.linkList__link--secondary a:active{color:#7d9ecd}.vocabularyList__question:before{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;margin-right:0.5em;width:50px;content:'\0020'}.vocabularyList__answer{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.alphabits{text-align:center}.alphabits ul{display:inline-block;margin:0;text-align:center}.alphabits__disabled{color:#e9e9e9}.breadcrumbs{margin:0.5em 30px;padding:0.75em 0;line-height:1.5}.breadcrumbs span{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700}.breadcrumbs a{color:#cd383f;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:500}.breadcrumbs a:visited{color:#cd383f}.breadcrumbs a:focus{color:#cd383f}.breadcrumbs a:hover{color:#1e1d1d}.breadcrumbs a:active{color:#cd383f}.contentMain .breadcrumbs{margin:0.5em 0}.breadcrumbs__separator{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;position:relative;top:-.1em;margin:0 0.5em;width:8px;height:8px;fill:#bcb9bc}.navBrowse{margin:0}.navBrowse__label{font-weight:700;margin:0 5px 0 0;padding-right:10px;border-right:1px solid #dbe7f3}.hero .navBrowse__label{color:#dbe7f3}.navBrowse__label:last-child{border-right:none}.navBrowse__link{color:#7d9ecd;white-space:nowrap}.navBrowse__link:visited{color:#7d9ecd}.navBrowse__link:focus{color:#cd383f}.navBrowse__link:hover{color:#cd383f}.navBrowse__link:active{color:#cd383f}.hero .navBrowse__link{color:#dbe7f3}.hero .navBrowse__link:visited{color:#dbe7f3}.hero .navBrowse__link:focus{color:#aac1dd}.hero .navBrowse__link:hover{color:#aac1dd}.hero .navBrowse__link:active{color:#aac1dd}.navBrowse__link.is--active{color:#1e1d1d;font-weight:700;cursor:default}.navDropdown{border-radius:4px;padding:5px;text-align:center;background:#edf3f9}.navDropdown__form{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-moz-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;float:left;width:calc(100% - 42px)}.navDropdown__form select{font-size:12px;padding:2px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-moz-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;margin:2px}.navDropdown__form select.small{max-width:14.28571%}.navDropdown__form select.large{max-width:42.85714%}.navDropdown__form select:first-child{margin-left:0}.navDropdown__form select:last-child{margin-right:0}.navDropdown__link{position:relative;top:2px;display:block;float:left;color:#cd383f;width:16px}.navDropdown__link:focus,.navDropdown__link:hover{color:#7d9ecd}.navDropdown__link.is--inactive{visibility:hidden}.navDropdown__icon{width:16px;height:16px}.navDropdown__prev{margin-right:5px}.navDropdown__next{margin-left:5px}.navFilter{margin-top:0;font-size:0.8125em}.navFilter ul{margin:0}.navFilter__item{margin-left:-3px}.navFilter__link{color:#7d9ecd;display:block;padding:5px 10px;background:#e7eff7;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.navFilter__link:visited{color:#7d9ecd}.navFilter__link:focus{color:#fff}.navFilter__link:hover{color:#fff}.navFilter__link:active{color:#fff}.navFilter__item:first-child .navFilter__link{border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px}.navFilter__item:last-child .navFilter__link{border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.navFilter__link:hover,.navFilter__link:focus,.navFilter__link.active{background:#7d9ecd}.navFilter__link.active{color:#fff;cursor:default}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding:0 30px}.navSecondary ul,.navPartners ul{margin:0}.navSecondary li,.navPartners li{padding:0 10px 10px 0}.navSecondary a,.navPartners a{color:#1e1d1d;text-decoration:none}.navSecondary a:visited,.navPartners a:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.navSecondary a:focus,.navPartners a:focus{color:#cd383f}.navSecondary a:hover,.navPartners a:hover{color:#cd383f}.navSecondary a:active,.navPartners a:active{color:#cd383f}.navSecondary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:15px;padding-top:15px;border-top:3px solid #e9e9e9}.navSecondary li:first-child{padding-left:0}.navSecondary .footerNavLinks,.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia{display:inline-block;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-moz-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia .title{color:#1e1d1d;padding-bottom:5px;font-size:14px}.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia .socialMedias{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia .socialMedias a{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-moz-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}.navPartners{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding-right:0}.navPartners li{margin:0;padding-bottom:0}.navPartners li:last-child{padding-right:0}.navPartners:hover a,.navPartners:focus a{opacity:0.25}.navPartners a{display:block}.navPartners a:hover,.navPartners a:focus{opacity:1}.navPartners img{display:block}.navMain__item,.navMain__account{margin:0}.navMain__item a,.navMain__account>a{display:block;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none}#study-guides .navMain__study-guides,#q-and-a .navMain__q-and-a,#lesson-plans .navMain__lesson-plans,#essay-editing .navMain__essay-editing,#literature-essays .navMain__literature-essays,#college-essays .navMain__college-essays,#writing-help .navMain__writing-help,#sample-essays .navMain__essay-editing,#community-note .navMain__study-guides,#wikipedia .navMain__study-guides,#e-texts .navMain__study-guides{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:-6px;color:#cd383f;border-bottom:6px solid #cd383f}.navMain{position:relative;z-index:1;margin:0;background:#fff}#subscriptions .navMain{display:none}.navMain__list{margin:0;padding:0 30px;list-style-type:none;border-top:1px solid #1e1d1d;border-bottom:3px solid #1e1d1d}.l--drawer .navMain__list{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:10px;border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #1e1d1d !important}.navMain__item a{color:#1e1d1d;padding:11px 6.66667px}.navMain__item a:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.navMain__item a:focus{color:#cd383f}.navMain__item a:hover{color:#cd383f}.navMain__item a:active{color:#cd383f}.l--drawer .navMain__item:first-child{border-top:3px solid #1e1d1d}.l--drawer .navMain__item a{font-size:1.125rem}.navMain__account>a{color:#bcb9bc;padding:5px 10px;text-transform:uppercase}.navMain__account>a:visited{color:#bcb9bc}.navMain__account>a:focus{color:#cd383f}.navMain__account>a:hover{color:#cd383f}.navMain__account>a:active{color:#cd383f}.l--drawer .navMain__account{position:absolute;top:0;left:10px;width:50%}.l--drawer .navMain__account a{color:#1e1d1d;font-size:15px;font-size:0.9375rem;font-weight:900}.l--drawer .navMain__account a:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.l--drawer .navMain__account a:focus{color:#cd383f}.l--drawer .navMain__account a:hover{color:#cd383f}.l--drawer .navMain__account a:active{color:#cd383f}.navMain__logout{display:none}.navMain__logout .button_to{display:inline-block}.navMain__logout input[type='submit']{background:none;border:none;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.9375rem;font-weight:900;padding:5px 10px;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0}.navMain__logout input[type='submit']:hover{background:none;color:#cd383f}.l--drawer .navMain__logout{right:10px;left:auto;width:50%}.navMain__login{border-radius:4px;position:absolute;top:110%;right:30px;width:300px;background:#656465}.navMain__login:before{display:inline-block;height:0;width:0;-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);border-width:17px 15.3px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;border-bottom-color:#656465;border-top-width:0;position:absolute;top:-17px;right:40px;content:""}.navMain__login form{margin:0}.navMain__login fieldset{margin:0}.navMain__login input[type='submit']{float:none;width:100%;margin-bottom:1em}.navMain__login input[type='text'],.navMain__login input[type='email'],.navMain__login input[type='password']{background:#e9e9e9}.navMain__login input[type='text']:focus,.navMain__login input[type='email']:focus,.navMain__login input[type='password']:focus{border-color:#fff;background:#fff}.navMain__login .facebookLogin{border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0;margin:0;text-align:center}.navMain__login .field.boolean,.navMain__login .boolean.formulaContainer{margin:0}.navMain__login .icheck--checkbox{font-weight:400;margin:0;color:#e9e9e9}.navMain__login .icheck--checkbox:hover,.navMain__login .icheck--checkbox:focus{color:#fff}.navMain__login .icheck--checkbox label{margin:0}.navMain__login .form__actions{margin:0.5em 0 0;padding:0}.navMain__login .form__action{margin-bottom:0}.navMain__login .form__action:nth-child(even){text-align:right}.navMain__login .form__link{font-size:0.6875rem;width:auto;margin-top:2px;text-align:right;text-decoration:none;color:#9b9a9c}.navMain__login .form__link:hover,.navMain__login .form__link:focus{color:#fff}.nav__icon{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline}.nav__icon .icon{width:14px;height:14px;fill:#bcb9bc}a:hover .nav__icon .icon{fill:#cd383f}.l--drawer .nav__icon .icon{fill:#1e1d1d}.next__icon,.prev__icon{-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;position:absolute;top:0.5em;width:10px;height:10px;fill:#7d9ecd}.nextPrev__link:hover .next__icon,.nextPrev__link:hover .prev__icon,.nextPrev__link:focus .next__icon,.nextPrev__link:focus .prev__icon{fill:#cd383f}.nextPrev{margin:15px 0;padding:10px 20px;border-radius:4px;background:#edf3f9;clear:both}.nextPrev__link{position:relative;display:block;padding:2px 0;width:48%;text-decoration:none}.nextPrev__link strong{display:block}.nextPrev__next{float:right;text-align:right}.nextPrev__prev{float:left}.next__icon{right:-15px}.prev__icon{left:-15px}.nextPrev__section{white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;width:100%;display:block}.pagination,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box{text-align:left}.pagination__list,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor{margin:0 auto}.pagination__gap{color:#cccccb}.pagination__total{text-transform:none;margin-top:0.25em}.pagination__backward{padding-left:0}.pagination__forward{padding-right:0}.pagination__current,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-current-page{padding:0 5px;color:#1e1d1d !important;text-decoration:none}.pagination__icon{width:.75em;height:.75em}.navSection__label,.navSection__item{position:relative;list-style-type:none}.navSection,.navSection--large{border-radius:4px;margin:0 0 20px;background:#edf3f9;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px #7d9ecd;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px #7d9ecd}.navSection--narrow{margin:0 0 1em}.navSection__label{padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.5em;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;font-weight:900;margin-bottom:1em;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.navSection__item+.navSection__label{margin-top:1.5em}.navSection--large .navSection__label{margin-bottom:.5em}.navSection--large .navSection__label .avatar{display:inline-block;border:2px solid #fff;vertical-align:top}.navSection__list{margin:0}.navSection__secondary{margin:0 0 0.25em}.navSection__secondary:before{position:absolute;top:0;left:15px;bottom:.6em;width:1px;content:"";background:#d6e1ed}.navSection__secondary .navSection__link{padding-left:30px}.navSection__secondary .navSection__link:before{position:absolute;bottom:.85em;left:15px;height:1px;width:10px;content:"";background:#d6e1ed}.navSection__secondary .navSection__link.is--active:before{background:#fff}.navSection__secondary .navSection__link.is--active:after{position:absolute;top:0;left:15px;bottom:0;width:1px;content:"";background:#fff}.navSection__link{color:#1e1d1d;line-height:1.2;display:block;padding:0.3em 10px;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}.navSection__link:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.navSection__link:focus{color:#cd383f}.navSection__link:hover{color:#cd383f}.navSection__link:active{color:#cd383f}.navSection__link.is--active{font-weight:700;color:#fff;background:#cd383f}.navSection__toggle{padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;position:relative;background:#d6e1ed;margin-bottom:.25em;z-index:1;border-left:2px solid #7d9ecd;border-right:2px solid #7d9ecd}.navSection__toggle.navSection__toggle--secondary{border-left:0}.navSection__icon{position:absolute;top:0.3em;left:0;width:14px;height:14px;fill:#cd383f}.navSection--large .navSection__icon{top:0.6em}#community-note .navSection__icon{fill:#7d9ecd}.selectNav__container{min-height:42px}.selectNav__row{position:absolute}.selectNav__select{display:inline-block}.selectNav__select .chosen-single{width:calc(100% + 64px)}.selectNav__select .chosen-single span{color:#1e1d1d;background:none;position:relative;top:0}.selectNav__select .chosen-drop{width:calc(100% + 64px)}.selectNav__select .chosen-results li.highlighted{background-image:none;background-color:#aac1dd}.selectNav__label{display:inline-block;font-weight:700;margin:0 5px 0 0}.selectNav__label:first-child{margin-right:.25em}.selectNav__label:last-child{margin-left:.25em}.category-option{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:bold}.subcategory-option{-webkit-transform:translateX(1.5em);-ms-transform:translateX(1.5em);-o-transform:translateX(1.5em);transform:translateX(1.5em)}.notification,.notification--alert{font-weight:700;position:relative;z-index:5000;margin-top:-5px;padding:0.5em 1em;text-align:center;color:#fff}.supports-cssanimations .notification,.supports-cssanimations .notification--alert{-webkit-animation-duration:0.25s;-o-animation-duration:0.25s;animation-duration:0.25s;-webkit-animation-delay:0.75s;-o-animation-delay:0.75s;animation-delay:0.75s}.notification{background:#7d9ecd}.notification--alert{background:#cd383f}.notification__text{margin-bottom:0}.notification__close{border-radius:0;line-height:1.5;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;margin:0;padding:0.5em 1em;opacity:0.5;border:0;background:transparent}.notification__close:hover,.notification__close:focus{opacity:1}.banner--communityNote{font-size:2em;font-weight:900;padding:0.3em;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#7d9ecd}.headingGroup,.headingGroup--slim{margin-bottom:1em}.headingGroup *,.headingGroup--slim *{margin-bottom:0}.headingGroup .subhead,.headingGroup--slim .subhead{margin-top:0}.headingGroup--slim{margin-bottom:0}.author{font-size:0.636363636em;margin-left:0.5em;white-space:nowrap;color:#656465}.novelTitle{font-size:0.636363636em;display:block;margin-top:.15em;color:#656465}.testimonial__attribute,.quote__attribute{font-size:0.8em;font-weight:700;text-align:right}.testimonial__attribute:before,.quote__attribute:before{content:'\2014'}.testimonial--small{font-size:17px;font-size:1vw}.quote{border:0}.article__instruction{font-size:.75em;margin-top:20px;color:#656465}.headingIntro{margin-bottom:20px}.headingIntro__title{font-size:2.44444em;font-weight:900;margin:0.15em 0 0.15em}.headingIntro__body,.headingIntro__body--left{font-size:1.3em;text-align:center}.headingIntro__body:last-child,.headingIntro__body--left:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.headingIntro__body--left{text-align:left}.article--columns{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2;-webkit-column-gap:30px;-moz-column-gap:30px;column-gap:30px}.article--columns h1,.article--columns h2,.article--columns h3,.article--columns h4,.article--columns .quizQuestion,.article--columns h5,.article--columns h6{-webkit-column-span:all;-moz-column-span:all;column-span:all}.article--columns ol,.article--columns ul{-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid}.sampleEssay--after{margin-top:30px}.sampleEssay--before,.sampleEssay--after{overflow:hidden}.progress-bar{height:10px;display:inline-block;background:#D1D1D1;border-radius:25px;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.3);box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.3);width:40px;margin-left:5px}.progress-bar>.progress-bar__percent_complete{display:block;height:100%;border-top-right-radius:8px;border-bottom-right-radius:8px;border-top-left-radius:20px;border-bottom-left-radius:20px;background-color:#2bc253;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(37%, #2bc253), color-stop(69%, #54f054));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #2bc253 37%, #54f054 69%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(bottom, #2bc253 37%, #54f054 69%);background-image:linear-gradient(to top, #2bc253 37%, #54f054 69%);-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 2px 9px rgba(255,255,255,0.3),inset 0 -2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);box-shadow:inset 0 2px 9px rgba(255,255,255,0.3),inset 0 -2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);position:relative;overflow:hidden}.progress-bar>.progress-bar__50percent{width:50%}.checkout__pane{overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid #114C98;border-radius:4px}.checkout__paneContent{padding:20px}.checkout__paneContent .grid__item,.checkout__paneContent .excerpt,.checkout__paneContent .excerpt--noImage,.checkout__paneContent .question--featured,.checkout__paneContent .formulaContainer,.checkout__paneContent .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .checkout__paneContent .form__action,.checkout__paneContent .grid--2up,.checkout__paneContent .navMain__login .form__actions,.navMain__login .checkout__paneContent .form__actions,.checkout__paneContent .excerpt{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.checkout__heading{margin:0;padding:10px 20px;color:#fff;background:#114C98}.checkout__error,.signIn__error{font-size:.8em;font-weight:800;padding:7px;color:#cd383f;border-radius:4px;background:#efd9d5;line-height:1.4}.checkout__form,.checkout__paneContent .form--login{width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0}.checkout__form h4,.checkout__form .quizQuestion,.checkout__paneContent .form--login h4,.checkout__paneContent .form--login .quizQuestion{display:none}.checkout__form .field,.checkout__form .formulaContainer,.checkout__paneContent .form--login .field,.checkout__paneContent .form--login .formulaContainer{margin-top:0}.checkout__paneContent .icheck--radio,.checkout__paneContent .quizAnswer,.checkout__paneContent .quizAnswer--chosen,.checkout__paneContent .quizAnswer--correct,.checkout__paneContent .quizAnswer--incorrect,.checkout__paneContent .icheck--boxed{margin-top:0;-webkit-transition:0;-o-transition:0;transition:0}.checkout__form button{background:#2ECC40;border-color:#2ECC40}.checkout__form button:hover,.checkout__form button:focus{background:#323032;border-color:#323032}.checkout__paneContent .excerpt__details{overflow:visible}.checkout__paneContent .divider--text{margin:0 0 1em}.checkout__method{margin-bottom:20px}.checkout__method label{font-size:.8em;font-weight:800;text-transform:uppercase}.excerpts .excerpt:nth-child(odd){clear:both}.faqCategory{margin:2.5em 0 0.5em;padding:0.5em 0 0;border-top:9px solid #1e1d1d}h1+.faqCategory{margin-top:1em}.faqCategory__link{text-decoration:none}.faqQuestion{border-radius:4px;margin:1em -7.5px;padding:7.5px}.faqQuestion:target{background:#edf3f9}.faqCategory+.faqQuestion{margin-top:0}.faqQuestion__body *:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.citations__item :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.relatedContent+.relatedContent{border-top:3px solid #1e1d1d;padding-top:2em}.relatedContent :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.section--unclaimed,.section--locked,.section--agreement{padding:15px;background:#f4f4f4}.section--unclaimed,.section--locked{text-align:center}.section__write{margin-bottom:7.5px}.section__items .button--secondary{margin-bottom:15px}.link--remove{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1.5em}.version,.version--active{border-radius:4px;font-size:.8em;display:inline-block;margin:0 5px 5px 0;padding:.25em 1em;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #cccccb}.editor{margin-bottom:0}.versions__status{display:block;margin:.5em 0 0}.version{color:#9b9a9c}.version:visited{color:#9b9a9c}.version:focus{color:#cd383f}.version:hover{color:#cd383f}.version:active{color:#cd383f}.version:hover{background:#e7eff7}.version--active{color:#cd383f;background:#e7eff7}.attachments{border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:10px;padding:.5em .5em 1.5em;background:#edf3f9}.contentMain{float:right;width:calc(100% - 255px)}.contentNav{width:225px;margin-top:.75em;-webkit-transition:margin .1s ease-in-out;-o-transition:margin .1s ease-in-out;transition:margin .1s ease-in-out}.contentNav.is--stuck{margin-top:0}.contentNav .nav-loading{padding-left:1.75em}.contentNav .nav-loading img{height:30px !important}.contentHeader{margin-bottom:1em;padding-bottom:1em;border-bottom:3px solid #1e1d1d}.contentHeader--profile{margin-bottom:0}.contentHeader__title{line-height:1;margin-bottom:.25em}.contentHeader__subTitle,.solutionHeader__authors{color:#9b9a9c;display:inline-block}.contentHeader__sectionTitle{color:#cd383f}#community-note .contentHeader__sectionTitle{color:#7d9ecd}.contentHeader__byline{font-size:0.7em;line-height:0.6;white-space:nowrap;color:#656465}.contentHeader__byline:before{content:' '}.contentHeader__cover{float:left;width:8%;margin-right:1em;border:1px solid #1e1d1d}.contentHeader__cover img{display:block}.contentFooter{position:relative;margin-top:2em}.section,.section--profile{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;margin:0 0 1em}.section h1,.section--profile h1,.section h2,.section--profile h2,.section h3,.section--profile h3,.section h4,.section--profile h4,.section .quizQuestion,.section--profile .quizQuestion{margin-top:1.25em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.section h1:first-child,.section--profile h1:first-child,.section h2:first-child,.section--profile h2:first-child,.section h3:first-child,.section--profile h3:first-child,.section h4:first-child,.section--profile h4:first-child,.section .quizQuestion:first-child,.section--profile .quizQuestion:first-child{margin-top:0}.contentHeader .section__purchase{display:inline-block;margin-left:1.5em}.section__purchase .button--purchase{width:100%;text-align:center}.section--profile{display:block;margin:1em 0 0}.profileEntry{margin-bottom:40px}.profileEntry__section{margin-bottom:1em}.profileEntry__list{font-size:.8em;margin-top:1em}.profileEntry__actions{margin-top:15px}.section__title{color:#9b9a9c}.section--links__icon{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline;width:14px;height:14px;fill:#cccccb}.quizFeedback{border-radius:4px;padding:1.5em;text-align:center;background:#e7eff7}.quizFeedback__congrats{margin-bottom:0.5em}.quizFeedback__average{font-size:1em;font-weight:700;text-transform:none}.vocabularyQuiz.grid--2up,.navMain__login .vocabularyQuiz.form__actions{margin-top:0}.vocabularyQuiz .grid__item,.vocabularyQuiz .excerpt,.vocabularyQuiz .excerpt--noImage,.vocabularyQuiz .question--featured,.vocabularyQuiz .formulaContainer,.vocabularyQuiz .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .vocabularyQuiz .form__action{margin-bottom:0}.duration{font-size:0.8em;font-style:italic;float:left;margin:0.25em 0.25em 0 0;color:#9b9a9c}.vocabulary__word{margin-bottom:0}.vocabulary__heading{margin-top:1.5em;text-transform:capitalize}.vocabulary__context p,.vocabulary__context ul li,ul .vocabulary__context li,.vocabulary__context ol li,ol .vocabulary__context li,.vocabulary__context dd,.vocabulary__context dt,.vocabulary__context .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .vocabulary__context .gs-snippet{font-size:1em;font-style:italic;margin-top:-1em}.thoughtQuestions__heading,.activities__heading{margin:0 0 0.3em !important}.activities__heading{margin-bottom:0.75em !important}.thoughtQuestions__subheading,.activities__subheading{margin-bottom:0}.answerBar{margin:2em 0}.linkTarget{position:relative;margin:0 -10px;padding:15px 10px;border-top:1px dotted #1e1d1d}.linkTarget:target{background:#e7eff7}.linkTarget h2,.linkTarget h3,.linkTarget h4,.linkTarget .quizQuestion{padding-right:30px;margin:0}.linkTarget :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.linkTarget__link{position:absolute;top:20px;right:0;display:block;opacity:0}.linkTarget:hover .linkTarget__link{opacity:1}.linkTarget__icon{-o-transition:all 0.15s;-webkit-transition:all 0.15s;transition:all 0.15s;width:20px;height:20px;margin-right:10px;fill:#7d9ecd}.linkTarget__link:hover .linkTarget__icon{fill:#cd383f}.video_wrapper{width:100%;height:100%;margin:0 auto;background:#CCC}.iframe_wrapper{position:relative}.iframe_wrapper .ratio{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.iframe_wrapper iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.hero{padding:15px 30px;text-align:center;background-color:#405461;background-image:url(../jpg/students-28bae1ca10895869b3d3fce4822ac6b71847de4204252e833f0c14d3b2189c09.jpg);background-position:50% 50%;background-size:cover}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-30px;margin-right:-30px}.l--content .hero:last-child{margin-bottom:30px}#study-guides .hero,#e-texts .hero,#wikipedia .hero,#literature-essays .hero,#sample-essays .hero{background-image:url(../jpg/novel-ace1be17cb1fabf7a078b8b6eee05921895675fd2cbcfc51cdf3db731ad10660.jpg)}#college-essays .hero{background-image:url(../jpg/library-97bebdada10321902e5308ad56eefba36da31fb883df0ad709e984d0d929d4e9.jpg)}.hero__figure{float:left;width:150px;margin-right:30px}.hero__figure img{border:1px solid #fff}.hero__article{overflow:hidden;color:#fff}.hero__title,.hero__byline{display:inline;margin-right:10px}.hero__title,.hero__heading{color:#fff}.hero__runIn{font-weight:700}.hero__body{display:inline-block;max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto}.hero__body p,.hero__body ul li,ul .hero__body li,.hero__body ol li,ol .hero__body li,.hero__body dd,.hero__body dt,.hero__body .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .hero__body .gs-snippet{margin-bottom:0}.hero__byline{font-size:0.75em;color:#dbe7f3}.hero__browseHeading{margin:1em 0 0;color:#dbe7f3}.hero--novel{padding:30px 30px;background-image:url(../jpg/novel-ace1be17cb1fabf7a078b8b6eee05921895675fd2cbcfc51cdf3db731ad10660.jpg);text-align:left}.hero--novel .hero__article{float:right;width:calc(100% - 180px)}.hero--text{max-width:1000px;margin:15px auto;text-align:center;background:none}.hero--blockquote{text-align:center;background-image:url(../jpg/library-97bebdada10321902e5308ad56eefba36da31fb883df0ad709e984d0d929d4e9.jpg)}.hero--text__summary{font-size:1.25em}.hero--blockquote__summary{font-size:1.5em;font-weight:100;font-style:italic;margin:0;padding:0;text-align:left;color:#fff;border:none}.hero--blockquote__text{position:relative}.hero--blockquote__text:before{font-size:4em;position:absolute;top:-.4em;left:-.25em;padding-right:5px;content:"\201C";color:rgba(255,255,255,0.25)}.hero--blockquote__text:after{margin-left:-.15em;content:"\201D"}.hero--blockquote__attribute{font-size:.6em;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-align:right}.hero--blockquote__attribute:before{margin-right:-5px;content:"\2014"}.sidekick{margin-bottom:30px}.sidekick__cover img{display:block;border:1px solid #1e1d1d}.l--main .gsc-control-cse{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1em !important;margin:1em auto;padding:0;border:none;background:transparent}.l--main .gsc-table-result{font-size:1em !important}.l--main .gsc-results{font-size:1em !important;width:100%}.l--main .gsc-result-info{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.l--main .gsc-result.gsc-webResult,.l--main .gsc-result.gsc-webResult:hover,.l--main .gsc-result.gsc-webResult:focus{margin:0;padding:1em 0;border:none;background:transparent}.l--main .gsc-url-top,.l--main .gsc-thumbnail-inside{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.l--main .gs-result .gs-title{font-size:1.2em !important;line-height:1.2;height:auto;margin-bottom:0.3em;text-decoration:none}.l--main .gs-result .gs-title *{text-decoration:none}.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-weight:900}.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title:link{text-decoration:none;color:#1e1d1d;border-bottom:0}.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title:hover,.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title:visited,.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title:focus{color:#7d9ecd}.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title:visited{color:#1e1d1d}.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title:active{color:#7d9ecd}.l--main .gs-webResult.gs-result a.gs-title b{font-size:1em;font-weight:900;color:inherit !important}.l--main .gs-webResult div.gs-visibleUrl{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:0.9em;margin:0;color:#9b9a9c}.l--main .gs-snippet{font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";margin-bottom:0}.l--main .gs-web-image-box{margin-right:0.5em}.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box{margin:2em 0;text-align:center}.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page{color:#7d9ecd;background:transparent}.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page:hover,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page:focus{color:#cd383f}.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page:active{color:#cd383f}.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-current-page{color:#1e1d1d;background:transparent}.pageHeader{position:relative;margin:0 30px}.pageHeader__account{position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-10px;right:30px;right:0;color:#cccccb}.pageHeader__account .button_to{display:inline-block}.pageHeader__logout[type='submit']{background:none;border:none;color:#7d9ecd;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0;text-decoration:none}.pageHeader__logout[type='submit']:hover{background:none;color:#cd383f}.shade{font-size:0.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;padding:0.5rem;color:#7d9ecd;background:#edf3f9}.pageFooter{font-size:0;color:#bcb9bc;background:#fff}[data-useragent="Trident"] .pageFooter{height:100%}.pageFooter__content,.pageFooter__accent{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;*vertical-align:auto;*zoom:1;*display:inline}.pageFooter__content{font-size:12px;font-size:0.75rem;width:55%;padding:15px 0}.pageFooter__accent{line-height:0;width:45%;text-align:right}.pageFooter__image{float:right;width:100%}.p--copyright{clear:both}.sticky{position:sticky;top:15px}.test-asset-cache-clearing{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width: 31.3125em){.smqc{zoom:1}.link--navMobile,.link--navigation{padding:10px}.header__search__icon--mobile{width:32px;height:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width: 50.0625em){.smqc{zoom:1}.link--navMobile,.link--navigation{top:15px}.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radio.icheck--radioSelected,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--chosen,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--correct,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--incorrect{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radio.icheck--radioSelected:after,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer:after,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--chosen:after,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--correct:after,.checkout__form .icheck--boxed .icheck--radioSelected.quizAnswer--incorrect:after{position:absolute;top:0;right:-36px;bottom:0;width:36px;content:'';border:18px solid transparent;border-left:18px solid #7d9ecd}}@media only screen and (min-width: 68.8125em){.smqc{zoom:1}.is--open .l--body{right:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0) !important;transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0) !important}#singleton .l--content,.l--content .article--narrow{max-width:1000px;margin:15px auto;padding:0}#study-guides .icon--contentType,#study-guides .icon--contentTypeHeavy,#lesson-plans .icon--contentType,#lesson-plans .icon--contentTypeHeavy{display:none}.link--navigation{display:none}.ad--mobile{display:none}#header__search{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-height:3.125rem;height:100%}.header__search__icon--mobile{display:none}.l--drawer .navMain__list{display:none}.article--columns h1,.article--columns h2,.article--columns h3,.article--columns h4,.article--columns .quizQuestion,.article--columns h5,.article--columns h6{margin-bottom:0.5em}.checkout__pane{margin-bottom:1.5%}.checkout__pane--half{width:49.25%;float:left;margin-right:1.5%}.checkout__pane--half:last-child{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width: 59.375em){.smqc{zoom:1}.section .section__purchase,.section--profile .section__purchase{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width: 87.5625em){.smqc{zoom:1}.l--content{padding:7.5px 50px}.l--padded{padding:15px 100px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:20px 100px}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-50px;margin-right:-50px}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -50px}.supports-csscolumns .columnList--half{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}.linkList__icon{top:0.4em}.breadcrumbs{margin:0.5em 50px}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px}.navMain__list{padding:0 50px}.navMain__item a{font-size:1rem;padding:10px}.navMain__account>a{font-size:1rem;padding:5px 20px}.navMain__login{right:50px}.nav__icon .icon{width:15.75px;height:15.75px}.contentHeader__cover{width:6.5%}.hero{padding:15px 100px}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-50px;margin-right:-50px}.hero--novel{padding:30px 50px}.hero--blockquote{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px}.pageHeader{margin:0 50px}.pageFooter__content,.pageFooter__accent{width:50%}.pageFooter__image{max-width:800px}.p--copyright{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px}}@media only screen and (min-width: 106.3125em){.smqc{zoom:1}.l--content{padding:7.5px 100px}.l--padded{padding:15px 200px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:20px 200px}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-100px;margin-right:-100px}.logo{width:350px}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -100px}.form--siteSearch{top:20px;margin-left:205px}.form--siteSearchContent,.form--siteSearchTextbooks{top:20px}.supports-csscolumns .columnList{-webkit-column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;column-count:4}.breadcrumbs{margin:0.5em 100px}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding-left:100px;padding-right:100px}.navMain__list{padding:0 100px}.navMain__item a{font-size:1.25rem}.navMain__account>a{font-size:1.125rem;padding:5px 20px}.navMain__login{right:100px}.nav__icon .icon{width:17.5px;height:17.5px}.contentHeader__cover{width:6%}.hero{padding:15px 200px}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-100px;margin-right:-100px}.hero__figure{width:225px}.hero--novel{padding:30px 100px}.hero--novel .hero__article{width:calc(100% - 255px)}.hero--blockquote{padding:30px 300px}.pageHeader{margin:0 100px}.pageFooter__content{font-size:0.8125rem}.p--copyright{padding-left:100px;padding-right:100px}}@media only screen and (min-width: 125.0625em){.smqc{zoom:1}.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:1.16vw}.hero{font-size:1.305vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:0.7975vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:0.9425vw}.columnList__item{font-size:1.015vw}.l--content{padding:15px 125px}.l--padded{padding:22.5px 250px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:20px 250px}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-125px;margin-right:-125px}.logo{width:400px}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -125px}.form--siteSearch{top:25px;margin-left:230px}.form--siteSearchContent,.form--siteSearchTextbooks{top:25px}.breadcrumbs{margin:0.5em 125px}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding-left:125px;padding-right:125px}.navMain__list{padding:0 125px}.navMain__login{right:125px}.contentHeader__cover{width:4.5%}.hero{padding:20px 250px}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-125px;margin-right:-125px}.hero__figure{width:300px}.hero--novel{padding:37.5px 125px}.hero--novel .hero__article{width:calc(100% - 330px)}.hero--blockquote{padding:37.5px 375px}.pageHeader{margin:0 125px}.pageFooter__content{font-size:0.875rem}.p--copyright{padding-left:125px;padding-right:125px}}@media only screen and (max-width: 125em){.smqc{zoom:1}}@media only screen and (max-width: 106.25em){.smqc{zoom:1}}@media only screen and (max-width: 59.3125em){.smqc{zoom:1}.l--contentAdBody{width:100%}.l--contentAdRail{display:none}.contentHeader .section__purchase{display:none}}@media only screen and (max-width: 87.5em){.smqc{zoom:1}.grid--4up>.grid__item,.grid--4up>.excerpt,.grid--4up>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--4up>.question--featured,.grid--4up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--4up>.form__action{width:48.57143%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--4up>.grid__item:nth-of-type(even),.grid--4up>.excerpt:nth-of-type(even),.grid--4up>.excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(even),.grid--4up>.question--featured:nth-of-type(even),.grid--4up>.formulaContainer:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .grid--4up>.form__action:nth-of-type(even){float:right;margin-right:0;*margin-left:-2em;display:inline}.grid--quarterRail>.grid__item,.grid--quarterRail>.excerpt,.grid--quarterRail>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--quarterRail>.question--featured,.grid--quarterRail>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--quarterRail>.form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.grid--quarterRail>.grid__rail{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.quizAnswer,.quizAnswer--chosen,.quizAnswer--correct,.quizAnswer--incorrect{margin-right:0}.field--quarter{width:47.5%;margin-right:0}.services{margin-right:-7.5px;margin-left:-7.5px}.service{margin-right:7.5px;margin-bottom:15px;margin-left:7.5px}.form--quiz input[type='submit']{margin-right:0}.fieldset--quizQuestion{margin:15px 7.5px 15px 0}.fieldset--quizQuestion .field--half{margin-right:0;width:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width: 68.75em){.smqc{zoom:1}.grid--container,.grid--1up,.grid--2up,.navMain__login .form__actions,.grid--3up,.grid--4up,.grid--thirdRail,.grid--quarterRail,.paywall,.columnList,.columnList--half,.excerpts{margin-top:15px}#profile .grid--container,#profile .grid--1up,#profile .grid--2up,#profile .navMain__login .form__actions,.navMain__login #profile .form__actions,#profile .grid--3up,#profile .grid--4up,#profile .grid--thirdRail,#profile .grid--quarterRail,#profile .paywall,#profile .columnList,#profile .columnList--half,#profile .excerpts{margin-top:0}.grid--3up>.grid__item,.grid--3up>.excerpt,.grid--3up>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--3up>.question--featured,.grid--3up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--3up>.form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.grid--thirdRail>.grid__item,.grid--thirdRail>.excerpt,.grid--thirdRail>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--thirdRail>.question--featured,.grid--thirdRail>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--thirdRail>.form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.grid--thirdRail>.grid__rail{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.l--body{position:relative;z-index:5;width:100%}.l--content{padding:7.5px 30px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:15px 60px}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-30px;margin-right:-30px}hr,.rule--thin,.ruleHeading--thin,.rule--thick,.question--expanded:after{margin-top:7.5px;margin-bottom:7.5px}.field--half{width:100%;margin-right:0}.field--twoThirds{width:100%;margin-right:0}.field--third{width:100%;margin-right:0}.field--quarter{width:100%}.logo{float:left;width:200px;margin:7.5px auto}.featuredImage{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -30px}.purchase__link{font-size:0.875rem}.purchase__icon{width:32px}.purchase__icon .icon{width:12px;height:12px}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px}.excerpt--numbered:before{top:0.25em;font-size:0.9em}.question,.gradesaver_qanda_answer{padding-right:20px;padding-left:60px}.question__avatar{width:25px}.question__status{position:static}.question--featured{padding-right:0;padding-left:1em;overflow:visible}.service__description{line-height:1.3}.serviceDetails__section{-webkit-flex-basis:48%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:48%;flex-basis:48%}.serviceDetails__section:nth-child(odd){border-left:none}.form--siteSearch{position:relative;top:0;right:auto;left:auto;clear:both;margin:0 0 1em}.l--content .form--siteSearch{border-radius:21px}.l--content .form--siteSearch input{font-size:1.3125rem;border-radius:21px}[data-useragent*='Trident'] .l--content .form--siteSearch input{height:42px}.form--siteSearchContent,.form--siteSearchTextbooks{position:relative;top:0;right:auto;left:auto;clear:both;margin:0 0 1em}.supports-csscolumns .columnList{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}.supports-csscolumns .columnList--half{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}.linkList__icon{top:0.4em}.breadcrumbs{padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.5em;margin:0.5em 30px}.contentMain .breadcrumbs{margin:0 0 15px;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px dotted #bcb9bc}.navDropdown{display:none}.navFilter{float:none;margin-bottom:1em;text-align:left}.navFilter__link{border-radius:4px;margin:3px;padding:3px 6px}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}.navSecondary{padding-top:0;border-top:0;display:block}.navSecondary .footerNavLinks,.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia{display:block}.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia{margin-top:30px}.navSecondary .footerSocialMedia .socialMedias{display:block}#study-guides .navMain__study-guides,#q-and-a .navMain__q-and-a,#lesson-plans .navMain__lesson-plans,#essay-editing .navMain__essay-editing,#literature-essays .navMain__literature-essays,#college-essays .navMain__college-essays,#writing-help .navMain__writing-help,#sample-essays .navMain__essay-editing,#community-note .navMain__study-guides,#wikipedia .navMain__study-guides,#e-texts .navMain__study-guides{border-bottom:0}.navMain{display:none}.navMain__list{display:block;padding:0}.navMain__item{display:block}.navMain__logout{display:block;float:right;text-align:right}.navMain__login{display:none !important}.nav__icon .icon{width:17.5px;height:17.5px}.nextPrev{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.navSection__label{font-size:0.9375rem}.navSection__list{overflow:hidden}.navSection__link{font-size:1.0625rem}.headingGroup .subhead,.headingGroup--slim .subhead{margin-top:0.5em}.article--columns{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}.contentMain{float:none;width:100%;margin-top:0}.contentNav{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:15px;border-top:9px solid #1e1d1d}.contentHeader__sectionTitle{margin-top:0 !important}.contentHeader__cover{width:10%}.section,.section--profile{margin-bottom:0}.hero{padding:15px 30px}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-30px;margin-right:-30px}.hero--novel{padding:30px 30px}.hero--blockquote{padding:30px 60px}.hero--blockquote__summary{font-size:1.25em}.hero--blockquote__text{line-height:1.25}.hero--blockquote__text:before{top:-.25em}.sidekick__cover{max-width:200px;float:left;margin-right:15px}.pageHeader{margin:0 30px}.pageHeader__logout[type='submit']{display:none}.pageFooter{text-align:center}.pageFooter__content,.pageFooter__accent{width:100%}.pageFooter__content{font-size:0.875rem}.p--copyright{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}}@media only screen and (max-width: 50em){.smqc{zoom:1}.alphabits__disabled,.alphabits__links,.pagination__link,.pagination__backward,.pagination__forward,.pagination__gap,.l--main .gsc-results .gsc-cursor-box .gsc-cursor-page{padding:0 3px}.grid--2up>.grid__item,.navMain__login .form__actions>.grid__item,.grid--2up>.excerpt,.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt,.grid--2up>.excerpt--noImage,.navMain__login .form__actions>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--2up>.question--featured,.navMain__login .form__actions>.question--featured,.grid--2up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .form__actions>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--2up>.form__action,.navMain__login .form__actions>.form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .grid__item,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .grid__item,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt--noImage,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt--noImage,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .question--featured,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .question--featured,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .formulaContainer,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .formulaContainer,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .form__action,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.grid--4up>.grid__item,.grid--4up>.excerpt,.grid--4up>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--4up>.question--featured,.grid--4up>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--4up>.form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.l--content{padding:0 20px 20px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:15px 20px}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}.hero .button--purchase{position:static;display:block;float:none;clear:both;margin:0;text-align:center}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -20px}.citation{font-size:.75em}.cta--icon.has__solution{display:none}.purchase{margin-bottom:0.5em}.purchase__item{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%}.purchase__link{max-width:400px;width:100%;font-size:0.75rem}.excerpt--numbered:before{top:0.65em;margin-right:-0.75em}.excerpt--numbered{padding-left:1em}.serviceDetails{display:block}.serviceDetails__section{border-left:0}#subscriptions .form--login.form--body{margin-top:0}.supports-csscolumns .columnList--half{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}.breadcrumbs{display:none}.contentMain .breadcrumbs{margin:0.25em 0 1em}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.selectNav__label:last-child{display:none}.headingIntro{margin-bottom:15px}.headingIntro__body,.headingIntro__body--left{font-size:1.1em;line-height:1.3}.checkout__paneContent .excerpt{margin-bottom:.5em}.excerpts .excerpt{width:100%;margin-right:0}.contentHeader{margin-top:20px}.contentHeader__cover{width:12.5%}.hero{padding:15px 20px}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}.hero p,.hero ul li,ul .hero li,.hero ol li,ol .hero li,.hero dd,.hero dt,.hero .l--main .gs-snippet,.l--main .hero .gs-snippet{line-height:1.3}.hero__figure{float:right;width:90px;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em}.hero__title,.hero__heading{font-size:1.5em}.hero--novel{padding:15px 20px}.hero--novel .hero__article{width:100%}.hero--blockquote{padding:15px 40px}.sidekick__cover{float:none;margin:0 auto}.pageHeader{margin:0 20px}.pageFooter__content{font-size:0.8125rem}.p--copyright{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}}@media only screen and (max-width: 31.25em){.smqc{zoom:1}.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:4.8vw}.hero{font-size:5.4vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:3.9vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:4.8vw}.columnList__item{font-size:5.4vw}.grid--3up--centered>.grid__item,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--3up--centered>.question--featured,.grid--3up--centered>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--3up--centered>.form__action{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%}.l--content{padding:0 15px 15px}.l--shaded,.pane--featured,.pane--small{padding:15px 15px}.l--content .l--shaded,.l--content .pane--featured,.l--content .pane--small{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}form button,form .button,form input[type='submit'],form input[type='button'],form .button--purchase,form .instruction__button,form .button--secondary,form input[type='reset'],form .button--tertiary{display:block;width:100%}input[type='file']{max-width:250px}.logo{width:150px}.l--content .ad--bar{margin:0 -15px}.citation__title{word-break:break-all;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{margin-top:3.75px;margin-bottom:15px}.excerpt__image{float:right;margin:0 0 2.5% 2.5%}.excerpt__details{float:none;overflow:initial;width:100%}.excerpt__byline:first-of-type:before{display:table;clear:left;content:''}.excerpt--numbered:before{top:0.6em}.pane--small{margin-bottom:20px}.question--featured{padding-left:1.5em}.solutionHeader{max-width:100%}.solutionHeader__authors{display:none}.solutionHeader__publisher{display:none}.solutionHeader__isbn{display:none}.form--siteSearch .search__button{width:auto}.form--siteSearchContent .search__button,.form--siteSearchTextbooks .search__button{width:auto}.supports-csscolumns .columnList{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}.supports-csscolumns .columnList--half{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}.breadcrumbs__separator{margin:0 0.5em;top:-.125em}.navSecondary,.navPartners{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.selectNav__label:first-child{display:none}.checkout__paneContent .excerpt .excerpt__details{width:77.5%}.contentNav{padding-top:30px}#study-guides .contentHeader,#lesson-plans .contentHeader,#writing-help .contentHeader,#textbooks .contentHeader{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.contentHeader__title{font-size:1.33333em}#study-guides .contentHeader__title,#lesson-plans .contentHeader__title,#writing-help .contentHeader__title,#textbooks .contentHeader__title{font-size:1.33333em;background:#e9e9e9;padding:20px;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}#study-guides .contentHeader__subTitle,#study-guides .solutionHeader__authors{display:none}.contentHeader__sectionTitle{font-size:1.25em}.contentHeader__cover{display:none}.contentFooter [role="button"],.contentFooter button,.contentFooter .button{width:100%;margin:0 0 1em;text-align:center}.linkTarget{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px;padding:15px}.hero{padding:15px 15px}.l--content .hero{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}.hero__figure{margin:1em 0 0.5em 0.5em}.hero--novel{padding:15px 15px}.hero--blockquote{padding:15px 30px}.pageHeader{margin:0 15px}.pageFooter__content{font-size:0.75rem}.p--copyright{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3 / 2), only screen and (min-resolution: 144dpi), only screen and (min-resolution: 1.5dppx){.chosen-rtl .chosen-search input[type="text"],.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b,.chosen-container-single .chosen-search input[type="text"],.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close,.chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll-down span,.chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll-up span{background-image:url(../png/chosen-sprite%402x-1e349b80fba8c23b63656925fda8dfe3c5927b5d0d8a1672143416caacf460fb.png) !important;background-size:52px 37px !important;background-repeat:no-repeat !important}}@media only screen and (min-width: 106.3125em) and (max-width: 125em){.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:1.22353vw}.hero{font-size:1.37647vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:0.84118vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:0.99412vw}.columnList__item{font-size:1.07059vw}}@media only screen and (min-width: 87.5625em) and (max-width: 106.25em){.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:1.31429vw}.hero{font-size:1.47857vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:0.90357vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:1.06786vw}.columnList__item{font-size:1.15vw}}@media only screen and (min-width: 50.0625em) and (max-width: 68.75em){.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:2vw}.hero{font-size:2.25vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:1.625vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:1.625vw}.columnList__item{font-size:2.25vw}.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .grid__item,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .grid__item,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt--noImage,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt--noImage,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .question--featured,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .question--featured,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .formulaContainer,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .formulaContainer,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .form__action,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}.excerpt__details{font-size:0.85em}}@media only screen and (min-width: 31.3125em) and (max-width: 50em){.l--content,.pane,.pane--featured,.pane--small,.contentMain,.section,.section--profile,.hero--text,.hero--blockquote{font-size:2.72vw}.hero{font-size:3.06vw}.breadcrumbs{font-size:2.21vw}.excerpt,.excerpt--noImage{font-size:2.89vw}.columnList__item{font-size:3.06vw}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:none}a:link{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(222,179,171,0.5)}.grid--3up--centered>.grid__item,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt,.grid--3up--centered>.excerpt--noImage,.grid--3up--centered>.question--featured,.grid--3up--centered>.formulaContainer,.navMain__login .grid--3up--centered>.form__action{-webkit-flex-basis:45%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:45%;flex-basis:45%}.linkTarget{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;padding:20px}}@media only screen and (min-width: 59.375em) and (max-width: 68.75em){.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .grid__item,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .grid__item,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt--noImage,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt--noImage,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .question--featured,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .question--featured,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .formulaContainer,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .formulaContainer,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .form__action,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .form__action{width:100%;float:left;margin-right:50%;display:inline}}@media only screen and (min-width: 50.0625em) and (max-width: 59.3125em){.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .grid__item,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .grid__item,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt--noImage,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt--noImage,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .question--featured,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .question--featured,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .formulaContainer,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .formulaContainer,.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .navMain__login .form__action,.navMain__login .grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .form__action,.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .form__action{width:48.57143%;float:left;margin-right:2.85714%;display:inline}.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .grid__item:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .grid__item:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .excerpt--noImage:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .question--featured:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .question--featured:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .formulaContainer:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .formulaContainer:nth-of-type(even),.grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .navMain__login .form__action:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .grid--2up.l--contentAdBody .form__action:nth-of-type(even),.navMain__login .l--contentAdBody.form__actions .form__action:nth-of-type(even){float:right;margin-right:0;*margin-left:-2em;display:inline}}@media (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3 / 2), (min-resolution: 144dpi){.icheck--checkbox:before,.icheck--radio:before,.quizAnswer:before,.quizAnswer--chosen:before,.quizAnswer--correct:before,.quizAnswer--incorrect:before{background-image:url("../png/sprite_%402x-f0ab77cef94c6854a2801282ff0fff75a1f01959af9f86b366c29bdbb13bbb10.png");background-size:16px 215px}.chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b:after,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices:after,.chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr:after,.chosen-container-multi .chosen-choices li.search-choice .search-choice-close:after,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li:before,form .chosen-container .chosen-results li.group-option:before{background-image:url("../png/sprite_%402x-f0ab77cef94c6854a2801282ff0fff75a1f01959af9f86b366c29bdbb13bbb10.png");background-size:16px 215px}}@media (min-width: 575px){.ad--bar{height:250px}}
